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SCRIPTURE TEXT BOOK. ~ 


Use * 2 


‘“ 


.” SCRIPTURE TEXT-BOOK: 


= ; 
me COMPRISING A CONCISE VIEW OF 


THE EVIDENCES AND DESIGN OF DIVINE REVELA- 
_ TION, OF THE LEADING EVENTS AND DOCTRINES 
OF THE BIBLE, AND OF THE CONSISTENCY AND 

"% HARMONY OF ITS PARTS. 


DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS 
AND BIBLE CLASSES. 


Be ieee ey eo oe 
ithe 3 BY A TEACHER. 


“NEW-YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY WILEY AND PUTNAM, 
‘e 161 Broapway. 


1837; 


wypns 


sae 


PREFACE. | 


AY) ‘ux following pages were ee, for the use 


to int rest and assist young persons in the study of — 


the Bible. There are already many excellent _ 
books, desened for, a similar purpose 5 but my* 4 


object was not either to supersedes the enka com- 
mentaries on the Scriptures, or to inculcate secta- 
rian views, or new doctrines. It was rather to 
give a classified index to the more important topics 
of the great Book of Revelation, and to the various 
species | of evidence that the Bible is of divine origin, 
and, bya reference to the | different portions of the 
Scriptures themselves, to. show, at a glance, their 
relation and consistency to each other. As the 
Bible is now made a study in most of our week-day 
as well as Sabbath schools, it is hoped that this little 
book may prove useful for the purposes above 
mentioned. | 


“my own pupils, and are printed at the request of 
: several - teachers, who, like myself, have felt the 
of a brief and systematic manual, calculated er 


Nar 


a3 


3 


* 
33 


ex SS Pe ~ 
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a 
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CM 
; “i y . ”_ + 
ry ~ 
+ : Be 49 
4 oy = os a 2 ye. * t 
ah Fst vee 
Piso . “ 
¢ a . fc 
- * 


—For SS Satrun” read Saturn 
—For ‘they did not fail,” rea 
bor “the 4th nae the 17th, co 


or,‘ *, g RSE AL line, 


Sal ar ‘ERRATA. 
“field ¢ in ruins, read, field of ruins. . 


d; sone did soi fail. 


read, the 4th and 7th. 
‘or ‘a this side Jordan,” read, th 


= 


Be, 


CONTENTS. 


+ : 
I. A Brier History OF THE BIBLE as a Book. NMED Sie Dee ree 


II. Evipences OF THE Divine AvTHoRITY OF THE SCRIPTURES 5, ; 
divided into internal, or such as are deduced from them- 
selves, and external, or such as are afforded by the corro- 
_borating festimony of profane writers, and the fulfilment 
_ of prophecy yee i an eae tees bec aes fol ier sees Seb chiee 10 


Bik 


III. Tue Otp TesTAMENT, Seared in reference to the main — 


object of revelation, and its connection. with we GosPeL - Pid 
e 


or NEw TesTAMENT Cita SA Oak Gea cen eta (eRe iets 32 


IV. Tue PrevicTIons CONCERNING THE Messi1au and their ful- 
filment; placed in parallel columns......++.- ol Che eon |S 

VY. Tue Types anp Prorncies which have a special reference 
tothe MepraToriaL Cuaracter or Curist, arranged op- 
posite to parallel passages from the New Testament...... 64 


VI. Tae Cuaracter, Arraisures AND TITLES of the Su- 
PREME BEING, | illustrated by the circumstances under 
which they were. revealed... . Se oo ooo eae 


Mae & 
VII. Tae Prominent ‘Docrnrves or tHE New TEsTaMENT, 
with their practical influence exhibited without comment 
in the words ‘of the text.. ah NEUE PET NE GED AL Lt 


VII. MerapHoricat LANGUAGE OF ScRIPTURE EXPLAINED....- 92 
IX. JewisH CusToMs ......--+- Es Pat ae inl ebce 75 Rit 96 
xX, Harmony OF THE GOSPELS.....- EEA y sti cite, Ue aecgoceiee xc MO 


XI. TABLE or RECORDED MIRACLES. «csc occsc cele cran senweean sees 105 


La ® 


sia 
Sa 


neo 


as 


HISTORY OF THE BIBLE, AS A BOOK.* 


age 

Tue Bible is so called from a Greek word, signifying 
book, a name given to our collection of sacred writings, which, 
by way of eminence, we call the Bible, or the Book. 

The Hebrews acknowledge only twenty-two books, as 
canonical. The Old Testament was principally written in 
Hebrew—some parts of Ezra and Daniel in Chaldee. The 
New Testament was written in Greek, except, perhaps, Mat- 
thew, which is said to have been in Hebrew. Moses is con- 
sidered to be the author of the greater part of the first five 
books, or the Pentateuch. The other parts of the Old Testa- 
ment were principally written in the reigns of David and 
Hezekiah. ‘The learned among the Jews, in order to preserve 
the genuineness of the Hebrew text, prepared a work called the 
Massora, which contained critical remarks upon the books of 
the Old Testament. In 1760, Dr. Kennicott collated about 
six hundred Hebrew manuscript copies of the Scriptures. This 
examination resulted in the conclusion, that, if such manu- 
scripts only as are written by Jewish writers, are taken into 


account, there can be no doubt of the perfect correctness one 
the present text. The first printed edition of the whole Bible 


was in 1488; this was used by Luther in his translations. 
The Septuagint, or the version of the Seventy, or the Alexan- 
drine version, is undoubtedly the oldest version of the Old 
Testament. The Vulgate, or Latin version, by Jerome, was 
the first book ever printed. The Targums, or Chaldee ver- 
sions, were the work of Jews dwelling in Palestine and Baby- 
lon. Beside these, there are the Samaritan, the Syriac, and 
the Arabic versions. The Greek manuscript of the New Tes- 
tament was written on parchment, or vellum. The Old Tes- 
tament was divided into verses before the invention of print- 
ing ; but in the Greek manuscript, there is no such division. 
The first English translation, which was divided into verses, 


* Selected from Bevin: Calmet. Vide. Bible. 


* 


YY? 


oJ 


10 EVIDENCES OF DIVINE REVELATION. 


was after the death of Edward the Sixth of England. The | 


first English Bible, or complete translation of the Scriptures 
which was printed, was that of Myles Coverdale, in 1535. It 
was dedicated to Henry VIII. Inthe reign of James I, there 
was a new translation of the Bible, by the most learned men 
in England. This is the version now in use. In 1644 was 
published the first Bible with marginal references. 


ye 


Ques.— What is the meaning of the word Bible? 
How many books do the Hebrews acknowledge ? 
In ‘what languages was the Bibie first written ? 
By whom? P 
Has any care been taken to preserve the original text ? 
When was the first printed edition of the whole Bible? 
What is the oldest version of the Old Testament 2? 
What was the first book ever printed ? 
What other versions of the Old Testament ? 
At what time was the Bible divided into verses 2 
When was the first complete English translation printed 2 
At what time was our present translation printed ? 


oe F 


“WHAT ARE THE EVIDENCES WHICH PROVE THE 


DIVINE AUTHORITY OF THE SCRIPTURES? 


A. They are divided into Internal and External. 
Q. What are the Internal evidences ? 


“A. Ist. The excellency of its precepts ; embracing the only 


perfect standard of moral rectitude, and constituting a system 


of laws, which is at once honorary to God, and beneficial to 


men. . 


ay. 
a 


— 


Qd. The consistency and harmony cf its parts ; which illu: = 
trate and corroborate each other, in all important particulars; 


so that such discrepancies as may appear, in matters of minor 
consequence, rather strengthen than weaken the general tes- 
timony, by proving the absence of that art and design, which 
distinguish a “ cunningly devised fable.” a 
3d. The fact that those by whom these records were made, 


FULFILMENT OF PROPHECIES. 


11 


eee ee 


were illiterate men, incompetent to the task of fabricating a 


work of such a character. 


Ath. The nature of its doctrines; which are directly op- 
posed to the unholy views and feelings of men; and the pro- 
mulgation of which, inevitably exposed those who taught 
them, to persecution, suffering and death ; whereas, had they 
been the inventions of men, they would have borne a charac- 
ter more congenial to the depraved feelings of the human 


heart. 
5th. Miracles. 


Q. What are the EXTERNAL evidences ? 

A. They consist, Ist, in the fulfilment of prophecy ; 2d, 
the corroborating testimony of profane writers; 3d, the effect 
wrought, through their instrumentality, as exhibited in the 
history of the Church, from the days of the Apostles to the 


present time. 


lst. PROPHECIES. 


Of the Messiah. 


7a Vee 


all nations, and the desire of 


all 


>; 


oa 
will fill this house with glory, 


saith the Lord of Hosts. 

Dan. 9: 24. Seventy weeks 
are determined upon thy peo- 
ple and upon thy holy city, to 
finish transgression, and_ to 


make an end of sins, and to 
*. 
we 


—_ 


» 


& 
‘ 


__ These prophecies all denote 
that the Messiah was to ap- | 
pear during the continuance 

of the kingdom of Judah, and 
previous to the destruction of 
the second temple ; which was ~ 
actually accomplished. The 
prophet Daniel not only fore- 
told that the Messiah should 
appear during the fourth, or 
Roman monarchy, but speci- — 
fied the precise number of » _ 
years which should previously — 
elapse. Dan. 9: 24 and 25. 


By weeks are here meant, 
weeks of years ; every seventh 
of which, was the Sabbatical 
year; which makes the amount 
exactly 490 years ; answering 


: + ad 


12 


EVIDENCES OF 


make reconciliation for iniqui- 
ty, and to bring in everlasting 
righteousness, and to seal up 
the vision and the prophecy, 


and to annoint the Most Holy. 


Know, therefore, and under- 
stand, that from the going forth 
of the commandment to restore 
and to rebuild Jerusalem, unto 
Messiah the Prince, shall be 
seven weeks and threescore 
and two weeks. 


to the time from the going up 
of lizra, in the seventh year of 
Artaxerxes, to the death of 


Christ; and from the 28th of 


Artaxerxes to the birth of 
Christ was 62 weeks of years 
(434). 


¢ 


2d. Tue Destruction or JERUSALEM. 


Deut. 28: 49-53. The Lord 
shall bring a nation against 
thee from afar, from the end 
of the earth, as swift as the 
eagle flieth; a nation whose 
tongue thou shalt not under- 
stand; a nation of fierce coun- 
tenance, who shall not regard 
the person of the old, nor shew 
favor to the young, and he 
shall eat the fruit of thy cattle 
and the fruit of thy land, until 
thou be destroyed ; which also 
shall not leave thee either corn, 
wine or oil, or the increase of 

i thy kine, or flocks of thy 
sheep, until he have destroyed 
thee. And he shall besiege 

___ thee in all thy gates, until thy 
high and fenced walls shall 
come down, wherein thou 
_ trustedst, throughout all thy 


 Jand ; and he shal] besiege thee 
in all thy gates throughout 
all the land which the Lord thy 


¢ d giveth thee ; &c. to the 


a 


met, and obstructed the v 
lanes with their dead bodi 


The Romans, under Titus, 
besieged Jerusalem, A. D. 70. 
—There were at that time, in 
the city, according to Jose- 
phus, 1,197,000 Jews; of 
whom 97,000 were made pri- 
soners, the rest being all slain. 
Some of these prisoners were 
sent to Egypt as slaves, and 
many were given to the pro- 
vinces to be destroyed upon 
their theatres by wild beasts. 
The sufferings of this deluded 
people during the siege, as 
related by Josephus, are al- 
most incredible.” In stating 
the events which followed the 
taking of the city, he says, 
“When they came to the 
houses to plunder, they found — 
in them entire families of dead 
corpses, that is,of such ashad __ 
died by famine”—* They ran 
every one through whom they 

eres 


a” 


DIVINE REVELATION. a a 


25th ;—and Matth. 24. 15— and made the whole city run 


25. When ye, therefore, shall 
see the abomination of desola- 
tion spoken of by Daniel the 
prophet, stand in the holy 


place, &c. a 


Of the temple, it was said 
*“ Not a stone should remain 
upon another that should not 
be thrown down.’’—Of Jeru- 
salem-——that it should be trod- 
den down of the Gentiles, until 
tho time of the Gentiles should 
be fulfilled. 


es Fe 


thy to be quoted—also, of this people, subsequent to 
Qe ; Wey 
ae. ee a *% 

Seat on 

| Ba 

m aie ' 

Teach et ‘ 

re: 


down with blood.” —“We have 
certainly,” said Titus, “had 
God for our assistant in this 
war; and it was no ae 
God, who ejected the Jews 
out of these fortifications ; for 
what could the hands of men, 
or any machines, do, towards 
overthrowing these towers ?” 

“Titus commanded the 
whole city and temple to be 
razed from their foundations.” 
The city was afterward plow- 
ed over. Many efforts have 
been since made by the Jews 
to recover and rebuild their 
city: and the Roman Empe- 
ror, Julian, attempted to dis- 
prove the Christian faith by 
rebuilding the temple ; but the 
decree of Him, whom he im- 
piously styled the Galilean, 
proved more powerful than the 
stength and skill of his le- 
gions ; and it is still true, that 
there remains not one stone 
upon another. This devoted 
city has been trodden down 
for nearly eighteen hundred 
years, by the Romans, Gre- 


cians, Persians, Saracens, Ma- 


ge oe 


melukes, Turks ristians 
again by the Turks, and n 
by the Egyptians. . i 


> “yee 


< i are 
3d. Tue ConpiITION oF THE JEWS. 
oe Sere >) fie Yo ae 


These pr fittions have been 
_ verified in the general history — 


14 EVIDENCES OF 


ee a aaa a ca a 


Jer. 29: 18. “And I will 
persecute them with the sword, 
with the famine, and with the 
pestilence, and will deliver 
them to be removed to all the 
kingdoms of the earth, to be 
a curse, and an astonishment 
and an hissing, and a re- 
proach, among all the nations 
whither I have driven them.” 

Amos 9:9. For lo! I will 
command, and I will sift the 
house of Israel, like as corn is 
sifted in a seive; yet shall 
not the least grain fall to the 
earth. 

Hosea 3: 4. For the chil- 
dren of Israel shall abide 
many days without a king, 
and without a prince, and 
without a sacrifice, and with- 
out an image, and without an 
ephod, and without teraphim. 


Deut. 28: 29. They shall be 
smitten with blindness and 
astonishment of heart. They 
shall continue long, having 
their ears deaf, and their eyes 
blind, and their hearts har- 
dened ; and they shall grope 
in the day as he that gropeth 
in darkness, . 


: 


the destruction of Jerusalem. 
Dispersed through all coun- 
tries, but continuing a distinct 
people from age to age, pas- 
sing through scenes of misery 
and blood; scattered _ over 
every kingdom, and persecut- 
ed by all; driven from city to 
city, and made at once the 
victim of contempt and fury 
of the mob and the despotic 
tyranny of kings.—“ A trem- 
cling heart, and sorrow of 
mind has been their portion. 
They have often had none as- 
surance of their life; their 
plagues have been wonderful 
and great, and of long con- 
tinuance ; and they have been 
for a sign and for a wonder 
during many generations.” 


The Jews, as a nation, con- 
tinue to reject the gospel, 
and, amid the clear light of its 
meridian day, are blindly 
cursing their God and their 
king, and looking upward for 
him, whom their fathers have 
crucified. 


Ath. Tus DEsoLATION OF JUDEA. 
Z- 


1 | “The desolation of the land 


‘of Judea is predicted in many 


~ places. 


Ezek. 6: 3. Thus saith 
the Lord to the mountains of 


The Chaldeans first devas- 


‘tated Judea : it has since been 


oppressed, impoverished and 
trodden under foot by various 
nations, and lastly by the Otto- — 


DIVINE REVELATION. 15 


—— 


Israel, and to the hills, and to 
the rivers, and to the valleys ; 
behold, I, even I, will bring a 
sword upon you; I will de- 
stroy your high places. In 
all your dwelling places, the 
cities shall be laid waste, and 
the high places shall be deso- 
late ; and your altars shall be 
laid waste and made desolate ; 
I will stretch out my hand 
upon them, and make the 
land more desolate than the 
wilderness toward Diblath in 
all their habitations.” 


Ezek. 7: 24. I will bring 
the worst of the heathen, and 
they shall possess their houses. 
I will also make the pomp of 
their strong to cease; and 
their holy places shall be de- 
filed. 12: 19. They shall 
eat their bread with careful- 
ness, and drink their water 
with astonishment, that her 
land may be desolate from all 
that is therein ; because of the 
violence of them that dwell 
therein. 

Amos 5:3. The city that 
went out by a thousand shall 
have a hundred, and _ that 
which went out by a hundred 
shall have ten, to the house- 
hold of Israel. 

Amos 7:9. And the high 
places of Isaac shall be deso- 
late, and the sanctuary of 
Israel] shall be laid waste. 


man Turks. It is now repre- 
sented by travellers to be a 
field in ruins. Throughout 
all its once splendid and flour- 
ishing cities, nothing now re- 
mains but heaps of rubbish. 
Every ancient landmark has 
been removed.—The land lies 
waste—rivers run through de-. 
sert and cheerless plains. “ At 
every step,” says Volney, ‘‘ we 
meet with the ruins of towers, 
dungeons and castles with 


by jackals, owls and scorpi- 
ons.” The whole country 
presents abundant evidence 
that all the “curses written 
in the book of the Lord,” have | 
fallen upon it. 


- 
Sh re 

§: 420°) 2 
oot 


fosses; frequently inhabited — 


pea 


16 


5th. 


Micah 1: 6. I will make 
Samaria as a heap of the field, 
and as plantings of a vine- 
yard: and I will pour down 
the stones thereof into the 
valley; and I will discover 
the foundations thereof. 


~ 


4s 


6th. Or 


Ezek. 25: 2, 5,'7, 10. Son of 
man, set thy face against the 
Ammonites, and prophesy 
against them. I will make Rab- 
bah of the Ammonites a stable 
for camels, and a couching 
place for flocks. Behold Iwill 
stretch out my hand upon the 
land, and deliver thee for a 
spoil to the heathen. I will 
cut thee off from the people, 
and cause thee to perish out 
of the countries; I will de- 
stroy thee.—The Ammonites 
shall not be remembered 
among the nations.—Rabbah 
of the Ammonites shall be a 
desolate heap.—Ammon shall 
be a perpetual desolation. 


7th. 


Jer. 48.—Too lengthy to 
quote.—The cities of Moab 


* Scitzen’s Travels. 


EVIDENCES OF 


Or THE City oF SAMARIA. 


Samaria was for a long pe- 
riod the capital of the ten 
tribes.—“ This great city is 
now converted into gardens ; 
and all the tokens that remain 
to testify that there has ever 
been such a place, are, on the 
north side, a large square pi- 
azza—and on the east, the 
ruins of a church.” 


AMMON. 


“The far greater part of 
the country is uninhabited, 
being abandoned to the wan- 
dering Arabs, and the towns 
and villages are in a state of 
total ruin.’’* 


Rabbah is still so called by 
the Arabs ; but it is ** covered 


_ with the ruins of private build- 


ings, nothing of them remain- 
ing except the foundation, 
and some of the door posts. 
The buildings are all in a 
state of decay.”+ No people 
at the present day bear the 
name of Ammonites. 


Or Moas. 


The position of the cities 
of Moab, are marked on Vol- 


+Burckhardt’s Travels in Syria. 


DIVINE REVELATION. 


. 


17 


were to be spoiled without an 
inhabitant. Moab was to flee 
away. The yalley should 
perish, and the plains should 
be desolate, 


47. Iwill bring again the 
captivity of Moab in the latter 
days, saith the Lord. 

Jer: 49: 6. I will bring 
again the captivity of the chil- 
dren of Ammon. 


8th. Or 


A still heavier curse rests 
on Idumea.— 

Jer. 49: 13. and Ezek. 
35: 14. I have sworn by my- 
self, says the Lord, that Boz- 
rah shall become a desolation, 
—a reproach, a waste and a 
curse ; and all the cities there- 
of shall be perpetual wastes, 
&c.—When the whole earth 
rejoiceth, [I will make thee 
desolate, &c. 


Jer. 49: 17. Every one that 
goeth by it, shall be astonish- 
ed. 


ney’s map of travels, by ruins 
of towns. “'They are utterly 
broken down.” Nothing re- 
mains but fragments of walls 
and buildings. Wandering 
Arabs ere the only inabitants 
of a country once noted for 
its cities and its population. — 
This part of the prediction 
concerning Moab and Ammon 
remains to be accomplished. 


IpuMEA. 


The present condition of 
the land of Idumea, affords a 
literal confirmation of the 
truth of this prediction. This 


country was a kingdom pre-. 


vious to the establishment of 
Jsrael in Canaan, and at the 
time of the destruction of Je- 
rusalem, the Idumeans were 
nearly as numerous as_ the 
Jews. 
mon, they had several com- 
mercial cities; the chief of 
which was Ezion-Gaber.— 
“ This country,” says Volney,; 
“has not been visited by any 
traveller.” No inducement, 
either by threats or bribes, 
being able to prevail on the 
Arabs of the neighboring re- 
gions to guide travellers thro’ 
this interdicted Jand.—Such 
is the desolation of Edom, as 
to excite astonishment that 


In the reign of Solo-— 


men 
Ss 


mys 


- EVIDENCES OF 


Isa. 34: 13. It shall be a 
habitation for dragons and a 
court for owls.—The satyr 
shall cry tohis fellow, &c. 


- Obad. There shall not be 
any remaining of the house of 
Esau.—Edom shall be cut off 
forever. 


ee oe 


7 . 


Isa. 34. For my sword 
shall be bathed in heaven: 
behold it ‘shall come down 
upon Idumea, and upon the 
people of my curse to judg- 
ment. From generation to 
generation it shall lie waste ; 
none shall pass through it for- 
ever and ever. But the cor- 
morant and the bittern shall 
possess it; the owl also and 
the raven shall dwell therein ; 
and shall stretch upon it the 
line of confusion and_ the 
stones of emptiness. They 
shall call the nobles thereof to 
the kingdom, but none shall 
be there, and all her princes 
shall be nothing. And thorns 


territories, now so strongly 
marked with desert wilder- 
ness, could ever have been the 
habitations of a great and 
flourishing people. Within 
three days’ journey are to be 
found the ruins of upwards of 
thirty towns absolutely de- 
serted. It is said that the 
Arabs avoid these ruins, on 
account of the enormous 
scorpions, with which they 
abound. The satyr is a fabu- 
lous animal ; but it is said the 
word signifies, a goat, of 
which there are large herds 
pastured among the ruins. 

Of the Idumeans, the descen- 


dants of Esau, there remains — 


not a vestige. They became 
extinct in the third century of 
the Christian era. 

The author of the very in- 
teresting volumes recently pu- 
blished, entitled, ‘* Incidents 
of Travel in Egypt, Arabia 
Petrea and the Holy Land,” 
who visited those countries 
in 1836, supposes that the 
fact of the great caravan 
routes, existing in the days of 
David and Solomon, and un- 
der the Roman empire, being 
completely broken off, and that 
the great routes from Damas- 
cus and Cairo to Mecca, lie 
along the borders of Idumea, 
barely touching, and not pas- 
sing through it, probably il- 
lustrates the fulfilment of that 
part of this remarkable pro- 


ies, 


ae 


ee 


7h : 
DIVINE REVELATION. 


shall come up in her palaces, 
nettles and brambles in the 
fortresses thereof: and it shall 
be a habitations for dragons, 
and a court for owls. The 
wild beast of the desert shail 
also meet with the wild beast 
of the island, and the satyr 
shall cry to his fellow; the 
screech owl also shali rest 
there, and find for herself a 
place of rest.”’ &c. 


Fe, 


19 
phecy, “none shall pass thro’ 
it forever and ever.”’ Itis no 
longer the high-way of na- 
tions. This traveller ob- 
serves, that “Messrs. Legh, 
Banks, Irby and Mangles, had 
been opposed by hundreds of 
Bedouins, who swore that 


‘they should never enter their. 


territory, nor drink of their 
waters,’ and that ‘ they would 
shoot them like dogs if they 
attempted it.’ That they 
learned on the spot, that ‘up- 
wards of thirty pilgrims from 
Barbary had been murdered 
at Petrea the preceding year ;’ 
and they speak of the opposi- 
tion and obstruction of the Be- 


douins, as resembling the case ~ 


Edom — 
“ . 


of the Israelites, wh 
refused to give them passage 
through his country. None 
of these had passed through 
it; and unless the two English- 
men aud Italian, before men- 
tioned, succeeded in their at- 
tempt, when I pitched my 
tent on the borders of Edom, 
no traveller had ever done 
so.” 

Of the capital of Idumea he 
says, “Petra, the excavated 
city, the long lost capital of 
Edom, in the Scriptures and 
profane writings, in every lan- 
guage in which its name oc- 
curs, signifies, a rock; and, 
through the shadows of its 
early history, we learn that 
its inhabitants lived in natural 


20 


* 


EVIDENCES OF 


clefts or excavations made in 
the solid rock. Desolate as 


it now is, we have reason to 


believe that it goes back to 
the time of Esau, ‘the father 
of Edom ;’ that princes and 
dukes, eight successive kings, 
and again a long line of dukes 
dwelt there before any king 
reigned over Israel.” * * * * 
‘Eight hundred years before 
Christ, Amaziah the king of 
Judah, ‘slew of Edom in the 
valley of Salt ten thousand, 


and took Selah (the Hebrew | 


name for Petra) by war.’ * * 
* * «Its history became more 
and more obscure; for more 
than a thousand years it was 
completely lost to the civilized 
world, and, until its discovery 
by Burkhardt in 1812, except 
to the wandering Bedouins, its 
very site was unknown.” 


9th Or Paruistia. 


Ezek. 25: 16. I will stretch 
out my hand upon the Philis- 
tines, and destroy the remnant 
of the sea-coasts. Jer. 47, 5. 
Baldness is come upon Gaza; 
Ashkelon is cut off with the 
remnant of their valley. 

Zech. 9:5. The king shall 


_ “Gaza is become a desolate 
village, and the lofty towers of 
Ashkelon are scattered on the 
ground, not a human being 
tenanting its ruins.” 


perish from Gaza, and Ashke- © 


lon shall not be inhabited. 
10th. 


Zeph. 2: 138. The Lord 


Or NINEVEH. 


“In the second century, 


- 


3 


yates 
DIVINE REVELATION. 


7 


21 


will stretch out his hand 
against the north, and destroy 


Assyria, and will make Nine-— 


vah a desolation, and dry like 
a wilderness.—How is she be- 
come a desolation, a place for 
beasts to lie down! 


11th. Or 


Isaiah 18: 9. 19: 22. Be- 
hold the day of the Lord com- 
eth, cruel both with wrath 
and fierce anger, to lay the 
land desolate: and he shall 
destroy the sinners thereof out 
of it.—Babylon, the glory of 
kingdoms, the beauty of the 
Chaldee’s excellency, shall be 
as when God overthrew Sod- 
om and Gomorrah.—lIt shall 
never be inhabited, neither 
shall it be dwelt in from gene- 
ration to generation ; neither 
shall the Arabian pitch his 
tent there, neither shall the 
shepherds make their fold 
there. But wild beasts of the 
desert shall be there; and 
their houses shall be full of 
doleful creatures. Owls shall 
dwell there ; satyrs shall dance 
there. The wild beasts of 
the island shall cry in their 
desolate houses, and in their 
pleasant palaces. 


Jer. 51: 42. The sea is 
come upon Babylon. 


* Keith on_the rau ae 


Lucian, a native of that re- 
gion, testifies that Ninevah 
was utterly perished—that 
there was no vestige of it re- 
maining, and that none could 
tell where it once stood.’’* 


BaByYLon. 


“ Babylon, the glory of 
kingdoms, is now the greatest 
of ruins. Those buildings 
that were once the labor of 
slaves, and the pride of kings, 
are now misshapen heaps of 
rubbish.”+ Long mounds are 
seen running in the same di- 
rection with their ancient 
streets, and evidently cover- 
ing the ruins of buildings. 
Travellers testify, that in the 
16th century not a house was 
to be seen; the ruins being 
the only indication that it was 
ever inhabited. Of Ammon 
and Philistia it is said, they 
should be a stable for camels, 
and a couching piace for 
flocks. But Babylon was to 
be still more desolate. Dens 
of wild animals: cavities filled 
with owls and bats are in va- 
rious parts. Jackals, goats, 
and other creatures fill the 
caverns of the mounds, which 
cover splendid palaces. 

The Euphrates has so over- 
flowed its banks, as to give it 


+ Rich’s Memoirs. 


iy 


22 


Isa. 45:1. Thus saith the 
Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, 
whose right hand I have hold- 
en to subdue nations before 
him.—I will stir up the Medes 
against them, which shall not 
regard silver, &c.—Go up, O 
Elam, besiege, O Media.— 
They shall hold the bow and 
the lance—they shall ride 
upon horses—let the archer 
bend his bow.—All ye that 
bend the bow, shoot at;,her. 


EVIDENCES OF 


the appearance of a swamp. | 
On one the country round ap- 
pears to be a vast desert of = 
sand, a barren waste, destitute 
of all vegetation. a em 

Cyrus, prince of Persia, at — 
the head of the united forcesof 
Media, Persia, and their allies, — by ke 
laid siege to Babylon andsub- 
dued it. ar le 


~ 
a 


> 


The Persians used the bow 
and the lance. 

Cyrus did not destroy the 
city ; it afterwards was taken 
by Darius ; and the third time 
by Alexander the Great.— 
Much of its strength was re- 
duced by Darius, and it after- 
ward gradually decayed.— 
About the beginning of the 
Christian Era, a smal] portion 
of it was inhabited, but the 
greater part uncultivated. In 
the second century nothing 
but walls remaliatee It grad- 
ually became a desert. In the 
fourth century its walls were 
repaired to form an enclosure 
for wild beasts ; and the great 
Babylon was converted into a 
field for the chase. The name 
and remnant were subsequent- 
ly cut off; and every feature 
of the predicted desolation, is 
now fully developed. 


J - 
‘ cs 
“ cae <a 


¢, “ ae 12th. 
ae Ezek. 26: 12, 21. They 
i, we ‘shall lay thy stones and thy 
timbers and thy dust in the 
midst of the water.—I will 
cae scrape her dust from her.—I 
hee will ps a terror, and 
ou shalt beno more. Thou 
alt be sought for, yet thou 
shalt never be found. 


Ezek.26: 14. I willmake 
thee like the top of a rock. 
Thou shalt be a place to 


spread nets upon. 


13th. OF 


Ezek. 30: 12, 18. I will 
Jay thy land waste, and all 
that is therein by the hand 
of strangers. I, the Lord, 
have spoken it.—And_ there 
shall be no.more a prince of 
the landof Egypt. Zech. 10: 
11.—The sceptre of Egypt 


_-sMIVINE REVELATION. 


23 


Or Tyre. 


When Alexander the Great 
laid siege to Insular Tyre, he 
made use of the ruins of the 
ancient city for the purpose of 
forming a mound to connect 
the island to the mainland.— 
The site of ancient Tyre is 
now unknown. Alexander 
slew a greater part of the in- 
habitants of the Insular city, 
and sold the rest as slaves.— 
But itafterward revived, and in 
the time of the Crusades, was 
a place of great trade. It has 
since been ravaged by the 
Turks, and shared the devas- 
tations of those plunderers.— 
Travellers testify that there 
remains no similitude of that 
glory for which it was once 
renowned. | It is now reduced % 
to a misera village 3 ha, no 
trade, and contains ate 50° oe 
or 60 families, who live in = 
miserable huts, and subsist by i 
fishing. BrucedescribesTyre = 
“to be a rock, where fishers =—S> 
dry their nets.” 


Eeypr. 


Egypt was once the gra- 
nary of the world—the mother 
of the arts and sciences, and 
the mightiest of kingdoms. 
350 years before Christ, it 
was subjugated by the Per- is 
sians. It was afterwards con- 
quered by the Macedonians, 


24 EVIDENCES OF 


shall departaway.—They shall and was governed by the 


be a base kingdom,—the bas- 
est of kingdoms. 


“= 


Ptolmies for the space of 294 
years. Thirty years before 
Christ, it became a Roman 
province. A. D. 641 it was 
transferred to the dominion of 
the Saracens. In 1250 the 
Mamelukes, a powerful tribe 
of Tartars, usurped the gov- 
ernment. Since then, no -na- 
tive of Egypt has succeeded 
to sovereignty. The country 
is now under the authority of 
the Turks, and is subjected 
to the basest despotism. Evy- 
ry thing exhibits evidence of 
the slavery of the people, and 
the tyranny of rulers. The 
inhabitants are in a state of 
the grossest ignorance ; dwell- 
ing in mud cottages, upon the 
site of ancient temples and 
palaces. 


14th. Or tue ARABs. 


Gen. 16: 10. I will multi- 
_ ply thy seed exceedingly, that 
it shall not be numbered for 
multitude. 12. He willbea 
wild man, his hand shall be 
against every man, and every 
man’s hand against him; and 
he shall dwell in the presence 
of all his brethren. 


Jer. 35: 19. Jonadab, the 
son of Rachab, shall not want 


The Bedouin Arabs claim 
to be the descendants of Ish- 
mael—and_ their character 
and habits are answerable to 
the prediction—They are a 
wandering, predatory race, 
making war upon travellers 
for the purpose of plunder, 
but retreating to their deserts 
when attacked. They re- 
main uncivilized in the midst 
of cultivation. They have 
never been conquered. 

This prediction has lately 
been established by the dis- 


DIVINE REVELATION. 


25 


aman to stand before me for- 
ever. 


covery of a tribe dwelling near 
Mecca, who call themselves 
Rechabites, and claim to be 
the descendants of Jonadab. 
They speak Hebrew, and, 
though living in the midst of 
Mahometanism, they are a 
perfectly distinct people. 


From Robinson’s Calmet. 


Selected from the Prophet Daniel. 


Prophecy of Four Kingdoms 
represented by Four Beasts. 


FIRST BEAST. 


1. A lion, 
2. having eagle’s wings ; 


3. the wings were plucked. 

4. it was raised from the 
ground, 

5. and made to stand on 
the feet as a man, 

6. and a man’s heart (intel- 
lect) was given to it. Dan. 
chap. 4. 

THE SECOND BEAST. 


‘be Aram, 


2. which had two horns, 


3* 


‘ee 


Corresponding Events in their 
Historical Order. 
ASSYRIAN EMPIRE. 

1. The Babylonian empire. 

2. Nineveh, &c. added to 
it—but 

3. Nineveh was almost de- 
stroyed at the fall of Sardana- 
plus ; 

4. yet this empire was 
again elevated to power, 

5. and seemed to acquire 
stability under Nebuchadnez- 
zar, 

6. who laid the foundation 
of its subsequent policy and 
authority. 


PERSIAN EMPIRE. 


1. Darius; or the Persian 
power, 

2. composed of Media and 
Persia, 


% 


®, 


a sill 


3. both hisigt i oa pr 


4. but one higher 1 than the” 
other, 
5. the highest a? up 


last 3 


6. the ram pushed north, 
west and south, 


7. did as he pleased, and 
became great. 


THE THIRD BEAST. 
1. A he goat 
2. came from the west 
3. gliding swiftly over the 
earth ; 
4. ran into the ram in the 
fury of his power, 
5. smote him, 
6. brake his two horns, 
7 cast him on the ground, 
8. stamped on him, and 
9, waxed very great. 


10: when ‘he was strong, 
his horn was broken, 


11. and instead of it came $ 
Pa 2 four notable ones, 


Hee 3 "ice, -- 


> both considerable king- 
doms— : 

oat ‘Media the more power- 

ful get this most powerful ! ! 
Median empire, under 
Dao, rose higher than the 
other; 

6. and extended its con- 
quests, under Cyrus, over Ly- 
dia, &c.—west; and Asia, 
north; and Babylon, &c.— 
south ; and 

7. ruling over such extent 
of country, was a great em- 
pire. 

GRECIAN EMPIRE. 

1. Alexander, or the Greek 
power, 

2. came from Europe (west 
of Asia) ; 

3. with unexampled rapi- 
dity of success, 

4. attacked Darius furious- 
ly, and 

5. beat him at Granicus, 
Issus, &c. 

6. conquered Persia and 
Media, &c., 

7. ruined the power af Da-— 
rius, 


8. insomuch vba Tenis 
was murdered, 


9. Alexander. ccna Bac- 
triana,toIndia; = ti«— 

10. but died at Babylon” in 
the zenith of his power ; 

11. his dominions were par- 


~ celled among his four generals, 


= a : ie 
- a one ‘ ‘ S 4 > ol € 
DIVINE REVELATION. _ Qt 


a oon 7 gets 7 a a ia F bi ; 
12. towards the four winds 12. in Babylon, Asia Mi- 
of heaven ; nor, Egypt and Greece. _ 
13. out of one of them a 13. . Antiochus the. ey 
ue ‘succeeded by Bon ieee pi- 


little horn waxed gt 
“ee ‘ 2 ; “a Ae i P 
“ J pir) Par i ee 3 af + 
south and 14. conquered Egypt, &c., 


5 ee Gi) , 
14, towards the- 
east 5 a 
15. which took away the 15. and endeavored utterly 
daily sacrifice, and cast down to subvert the Jewish polity ; 
the sanctuary, &c.—Dan. 8: polluting their temple worship 
3—12. and sacrifices, &c. 


2d Spxcies oF EvipDENCE, 


Corroborating Testimony of Profane Writers. 


The Mussulmans, Pagans, Chinese, and the American Indi- 
ans, have traditions of the Deluge,—but each nation relates it 
afteritsown manner. Abydenus, a disciple of Aristotle, states, 
that “one Sesistrus was informed by Satrun of a deluge ap- 
praoching to drownalltheearth: that Sesistrus having embark- 
ed in a covered vessel, sent forth birds to learn in what condition 
the earth was; and that these birds returned three times.” 
Polyhiston relates the same story, adding that “the four- 
footed beasts, the creeping things, and birds of the air, were 
preserved in this vessel.’? Lucian says, that “ mankind having 
given themselves up to vices, the earth was drowned by 
deluge, so that none but Deucalion remained upon it, he having 
taken shelter in a vessel, with his family and the animals.” 
Many nations have emblems of the deluge engraved on medals. 
There are also geologi¢al evidences of the fact, that the earth 
must have been overflowed by water ; such as the existence 
of ents substances embedded in mountains, far from the 


sea. The testimony of writers in regard to the present con- 


dition of countries, which were, by prophecy, condemned to’ 


desolation, may be considered as belonging to this class of 


evidence. In regard to the New Testament, the writings of | 


Josephus furnish some striking passages corrol orat 


we — to 
> a. 
A i 2 
a » Ye .. 
a ip 
ot Kew 
ty a Si i > 
ae 
. ris 
:. 
wi sa ; i 
., 2 * e i, 
Mey: ‘ 2 


tive of 
Scripture authority. Inthe 18th book of his history, in writ- 


“ate 


28 EVIDENCES OF 


ing of the events which occurred in the time of Pilate, he 
makes mention of our Saviour in these terms; ‘ Now there 
was about this time, Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call 
him man, for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of 
men, who hada veneration for truth; he drew over to him 
both many of the Jews, and many of the Gentiles: he was 
the Christ. And when Pilate, at the suggestion of the prin- 
cipal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those 
that loved him at first did not forsake him, for he appeared to 
them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had 
spoken of these, and ten thousand other wonderful things 
concerning him; whence the tribe of Christians, so called 
from him, are not extinct to this day.” 


Ques.—Are there any traditions of the Deluge ? 

, What in the time of Aristotle ? 

- What did Polyhiston suppose ? 

What did Lucian say ? 

What other testimony upon this event ? 

What is a further proof of the truth of Scripture ? 
What is the testimony of this kind in regard to the New 

Testament ? 
What did Josephus testifyof Christ ? 


3d. SpEciES OF EVIDENCE. 


The effects wrought through the instrumentality of the Scriptures, 
—as exhibited in the history of the church from the days of 
the apostles to the present time. 


Q. What success attended the gospel after the death of 
Christ ? hu ge” lata 
A. Those who were dispersed abroad in consequence of 
persecution, “ went every where preaching the word.” After 
the destruction of Jerusalem, Rome commenced a warm attack 
upon the Christian religion both by employing the wit and tal- 
ents of her great writers against the doctrines of the gospel, 
and by extending the arm of civil power against all who em- 
braced them. It was her determination to root out Chris- 
tianity from the earth, and for this purpose she exerted, through 


* 
* 


od 6h tan on - 
” FY q we 
* 
DIVINE REVELATION. 29 


ten successive persecutions, every effort, which cruelty or 
tyranny could devise. . 

Q. When was the period of the first persecution? 

A. It was in the reign of Nero, when the Apostle Peter 
was crucified and Paul beheaded. The second was immediate- 
ly after the destruction of Jerusalem, when John was banished 
to the isle of Patmos, where he wrote the book of Revelation. 
poe) this persecution 40,000 suffered martyrdom by cruci- 

ion. 

Q. When did the fourth persecution take place ? 

A. A.D. 162. During this, many suffered martyrdom in. 
England. From this time the rage of the heathen was increas- 
ed by the failure of their predecessors, whose ill-success in 
effecting their purpose was so evident, that Pliny says of the 
Christian religion in that day, “ Multitudes of each sex, and 
every age and quality, became Christians. This superstition 
having overrun, not only the city, but.towns and countries. 
The temples and sacrifices are generally desolate and forsa- 
ken.” Porphyry says, ‘‘Since Jesus began to be worshipped, 
no man has received any public help, or benefit by the Gods.” 

Q. For how many years did these persecutions continue ? 

A. About 300. The last and most dreadful of them was 
the tenth, which took place just before the reign of Constan- 
tine. 

Q. What were the particulars of the tenth persecution ? 

A. Renewed exertions were made to exterminate Chris- 
tianity by burning all bibles, and destroying all Christians. 
They were not even allowed a trial, but were slain, wherever 
found ; in many places the blood of the martyrs ran through 
the streetsin torrents. 17,000 were massacred in one month ; 
and in Egypt alone 144,000 died by violence, besides 700,000, 
who perished in consequence of famine and fatigue. This 
persecution lasted ten years ; and the heathen imagined that 
they had now utterly destroyed the name and existence of 
Christianity. But Christ had promised, that “the gates of 
hell should not prevail against his church.” 

Q. What followed the tenth persecution ? 

A. The accession of Constantine, and his conversion to 
Christianity ; in consequence of which, the Christians enjoyed 
rest and liberty throughout the empire. 

Q. Had the church any further difficulties to encounter ? 


30 EVIDENCES OF 


A. They had. Ist. from among themselves,—and sec- 
ondly from the rise and power of “ Antichrist,” or the ‘man 
of sin.” 

Q. What difficulty arose among themselves? 

A. Heretical doctrines: chiefly those styled the Pelagian 
and Arian Herecies. 

_Q. How far had the Christian faith extended at this time? 

A. It had spread over the extreme parts of the Roman 
Empire, which comprehended the then known world. Iberia, 
Colchis, Arabia, Persia, and Scythia had received the knowl- 

_ edge of the truth. 

Q. What is meant by Antichrist ? 

A. Asystem of error, which proved to be the most subtle 
and powerful engine ever employed by Satan against the truth. 
From the time of Constantine, the Christian church became 
gradually corrupt. Luxury and pompous ceremony began to 
take the place of primitive simplicity. Christian bishops 
began to assume temporal authority, till finally the Pope 
proclaimed himself Christ’s vicegerent upon earth, endowed 
with infallibility of judgment and supremacy of power: so 
that “he as God sitteth in the temple of God, showing 
himself that he is God.” Thess. 24. The scriptures were 
now taken out of the hands of the laity, and ignorance was 
declared to be the mother of devotion. 

Q. Did all the churches embrace these errors 2 

A. A greater part of them became polluted. The Greek 
church of the Eastern Empire, and a people called the Wal- 
denses, were the principal exceptions. 

Q. Who were the Waldenses? 

A. They were a company of Christians, who fled from 
persecution and secreted themselves in the valleys of Piedmont. 
They protested against the Romish heresy and preserved the 
simplicity of the true faith. For some time they remained un- 
molested in their retreat ; but being at length discovered they 
were attacked by the adherents of the Pope, barbarously 
massacred. and put to death by every species of torture, 
Many of them made their escape into the different countries, 
where, carrying their uncorrupted Bibles and their faithful 
testimony, they became instrumental of disseminating and 
preserving the true faith. 

Q. Were they the only witnesses for the truth? 


DIVINE REVELATION. 31 


A. About 140 years before the reformation there appeared 
in England a man named John Wickliff, who warmly opposed 
the errors of Popery, and contended boldly for the truth.— 
Two disciples of Wickliff, John Huss and Jerome of Prague, 
appeared afterward in Bohemia, and for their testimony against 
the church of Rome, suffered martyrdom at the stake. 

Q. When did the reformation take place ? 

A. This great event commenced in Saxony during the 
15th century, under the spirited preaching of Martin Luther, 
an Aucustine monk. By the accidental discovery of a true 
copy of the Bible, he saw the impositions which were practised — 
upon the people by the Romish Priests, in corrupting the sacred 
text, and being roused to action by the iniquitous sale of indul- 
gences, or licences to sin, he set. his face as a flint to expose 
and resist the whole fabric of Papal heresy. 

Q. How did this attempt succeed ? 

A. It was manifestly God’s chosen time to favor Zion, 
and Luther was the chosen instrument. He was first heard 
and patronised by the Elector of Saxony—and in rapid succes- 
sion, the learning, power and wealth of Christendom, as well 
as more humble proselytes, yielded to the force of truth, and 
openly espoused its cause. 

Q. What did the disciples of the reformation style them- 
selves ? 

A. Protestants, or those who protested against the errors 
of Popery. 

Q. Have the Protestants since remained unmolested in 
the enjoyment of their religion ? 

A. Many attempts have been made to exterminate them, 
and millions of lives sacrificed to effect it. During the 16th 
century there were throughout Europe continued and bloody 
wars between Catholics and Protestants; and on the eve of 
St. Bartholomew’s day, no less than 100,000 Protestants were 
massacred inthe streets of Paris. But notwithstanding “the 
Heathen rage;” and ‘the people imagine a vain thing ;”— 
“Kings of the earth set themselves ; and rulers take counsel 
together ; against the Lord and against his annointed.” Yet 
the “small stone, cut out of the mountain without hands, contin- 
ues to grow, and is making manifest advances to the comple- 
tion of the divine purpose, that it shall fill the whole earth. 


_ PART II. 


sa, THE OLD TESTAMENT. 


Period 1st.—from Adam to Moses—including 2518 years. 
a . : 
i 


Cuap. Isr. 

Q. What points this out as being the first important divi- 
sion of scripture ? 

A. It was a period in which there appears to have been no 
preceptive code of laws, or distinct revelation of the will of 
God to direct the conduct of men. Rom. 5: 13, 14. 

Q. What law was given to Adam, the transgression of 
which, entailed sin and death upon his posterity ? 

A. The law of obedience to the sovereign will of God his 
Maker. Gen. 2: 16, 17. 

Q. Had man, after the fall, no rule by which to regulate 

his conduct ? ; 
A. Till the time of Moses, we have no record of any law 
given except that mentioned in Rom. 2: Lo. 

Q. What was the character and condition of men during 
this period ? 

A. It is described by God himself in Gen. 6:5.. They 
were not only destitute of any revelation of the Divine will, 
but they were also unchecked by civil laws: every man, fol- 
lowed, without restraint, the dictates of his own depraved na- 
ture. 

Q. Was this the character of the whole human race? 

A. By nature it was; but God by his sovereign grace, 
and to effect his own purposes, formed for himself a righteous 
seed, who are distinctly traced in the 5th of Gen. through the 
family of Seth, from Adam to Noah. 

Q. Were these righteous persons, with their families, 
preserved in a distinct community, or did they mingle in their 
generations with the wicked ? 

A. Though the line of descent is distinctly preserved, we 


NOAH. . ae ae 


are led to suppose that these pious individuals, by marrying hae 
with the “ daughters of men,” became heads of large families, 
whose character partook of the general corruption. ne 
Q. Who are we to understand to be the “sons of God” 
and the “ daughters of men” spoken of in this chapter? 
A. By the “sons of God,” are meant the righteous di 
cendants of Seth; as it is said at his son’s birth, men beganto 
call upon the name of the Lord ; or, as it may be rendered, “ to Pe mae 


call themselves by the name of God.” By the “ daughters of bo 
men” are probably meant the descendant age Cain, whose ; 
generations are marked in Gen. 4th. n ! 


Q. Are we to suppose that God withheld from the wicked = 
of the antideluvian world, all warning and rebuke, as well as oe 
all specific laws ? 

A. We are told in Pet. 3: 18, 19, 20: that the spirit of 
Christ, dwelling in righteous Noah, preached to those whose 
spirits are now in prisons: which leads us to conclude that 
God, by his Spirit in such of his righteous servants as have been 
mentioned, did strive with the wicked during all that period. 

Q. When God determined, by a general deluge to take 
vengeance upon an ungodly world, did the righteous suffer with a 
the wicked ? . 

A. Noah, who alone found grace in the eyes of the Lord, _ 
was, together with his family, saved by special Divine interpo- 
sition. Gen. 6: 18. 

Q. After the days of the flood were ended, and Noah and 
his family came forth from the ark, what grant was made to 
him by God ? 

A. Dominion over all beasts &c., in the same manner as 
was conferred on Adam; but with this addition, that they 
should be to him for food, together with the green herb. Gen. 

9; 2, 3. 

Q. What law was at this time given to Noah? 

A. A law respecting murder. God himself claims the 
prerogative of the blood of every living thing: that of beasts 
must not be eaten with the flesh ; and that of man would be 
required at the hand of man. 

Q. In what respect was the covenant made withNoah, 
an everlasting covenant ? 

A. It was made, not only with Noah but with the earth, 
and would, therefore, continue as long as that existed. 


4 


34 THE COVENANTS. 


Q. What prophetic declaration was made by Noah res- 
pecting his three sons ? 

A. Itis recorded in Gen. 9: 25—27. 

Q. How have these predictions been accomplished? 

A. The curse of Canaan was fulfilled when his decen- 
dants, who had settled in the land of Canaan, or the western 
part of Asia, were dispossessed and made slaves by the chil- 
dren of Shem or the Israelites. The blessing of Japheth was 
accomplished, when the Jews, under the Gospel dispensation, 
were rejected from being the people of God, and the Gentiles 
(descendants of Japheth) took possession of the privileges of 
the Gospel church. Isa. 60: 3, 5. 

Q. In whose family were the righteous seed preserved 
after the flood ? 

A. In that of Shem, whose generations are traced to 
Abraham. Gen. 11. 


Cuap. 2. 


The Covenanis—Call of Abraham-—Establishment of the Jew- 
ish Church. 


Q. When does it appear that the first covenant transac- 
tion took place between God and man? , ; 

A. When Adam was placed in the garden of Eden, he 
received certain benefits from God; such as life and happi- 
ness,—the fruit and herbs of the garden for food,—with do- 
minion over the animal creation :—all of which he was to hold 
upon tenure of obedience to the single law respecting the pro- 
hibited tree. Gen. 2: 16,17. This was virtually an agree- 
ment or covenant of works. 

Q. Was the covenant made with Noah a covenant of 
works ? 

A. It was not; because it contained no condition to be 
performed on the partof Noah or his descendants. The prom- 
ise was absolute, that day and night, summer and winter, seed- 
time and harvest, should not fail so long as the earth endured. 
Gen. 8: 22. Theword “everlasting,” inthis place, is limited 
by the subject, and has no reference to eternity. 

Q. Was the covenant made with Abraham a covenant of 
works? ; 


THE COVENANTS, 3 


A. So far as its promised blessings depended on the obe- 
dience of Israel, it was.---Such was the covenant of circum- 
cision, Gen. 17,—which enjoined a positive institution, or duty 
to be performed on the part of Abram and his descendants, 
to which was annexed the penalty of being cut off from the 

eople. 
‘ Q. Was the promise of Canaan conditional or absolute ? 

A. To “Abram and hisseed,” the promise was absolute, 
and included not only the possession of Canaan, but all the 
“better things,” of which that land was typical. But Israel 
as a mixed body, or national church composed of both believ- 
ers and unbelievers were always dealt with by God upon prin- 
ciples of a covenant of works, enjoying the “ good of the land” 
while they were “ willing and obedient,” but forfviting all by 
disobedience. ; 


Q. What was then the absolute promise made to Abram 


and his seed’? which did not extend to the nation ? 


A. When God first called Abram from his own country, | 


to the land he purposed togive him, he made with him, or rather 
revealed to him, a covenant, the nature and promises of which 
were spiritual and eternal,—as in Gen. 12; 3, where Christ 
and the blessings of his kingdom are evidently brought to view. 
Also in Gen. 22: 17, 18. 

Q. What proof is there that Christ is here predicted or 
promised ? 

A. It is found in Gal. 3: 16, 17—particularly the 17th, in 
which it is said that this very covenant was confirmed of God 
in Christ 430 years before the giving of the law at Sinai, which 
was exactly the time from the call of Abram to that event. 

Q. What proof is there that Israel as a nation were not 
partakers in this promise ? 

Ax In Rom, 92 6.7. 8... Galo: 202 eb. B10; 
Also, the fact, that only two out of the 600,000 that came out 
of Rgypt, entered the land of Canaan. 

Q. What is meant by the covenant of circumcision ? 

A. To Abraham and all true believers, it was the seal of 
a better covenant, or of the “righteousness of faith.” ‘They 
understood it to have special reference to the ‘ putting off the 
body of Christ,” or the shedding of his atoning blood. 

Q. Was it to answer any other purpose ! 

A. Yes. This, together with otber rites and ordinances 


36 THE COVENANTS. 


of that dispensation, was to be a partition wall between Jews 
and Gentiles. 

Q. Was the nation of Israel under the same covenant of 
works that was given to Adam ? 

A. In its principles it was the same. There can be but one 
essential distinction. It must either be of grace or of works ; 
and, either by one or the other of these are characterised all 
the transactions between God and man. But Israel, at Mount 
Sinai, were placed under a more enlarged dispensation, by 

complete code of moral and ceremonial law. 

~ 2 Q..> But if only two of those who were present at that time, 
to receive and promise obedience to this law, entered the land 
of Canaan, how could the rest of the nation be held by its au- 
thority ? 

A. God, foreseeing that they would make this plea, or- 

_ dered Moses to recapitulate upon the plains of Moab, to all those 

who were under twenty years of age, when they came out of 
Egypt, all that had been previously transacted, or enjoined by 
~ the law; at which time they voluntarily took upon themselves 
m its blessings and its curses. 

Q. Was the covenant that was made with Abraham, the 
game that is called the mew covenant, in Jer. 31: 33, 342 

A. It is essentially the same; but, so considered, it is 
more proper to say, that it was given or revealed to Abraham ; 
as the new covenant, or covenant of grace, cannot be made with 
man, although it embraces all the true “seed,” or those that 
are Christ’s. 

Q. Why could it not be made with man ? 

A. Because man could not perform its conditions. It was 
God’s great plan of salvation, the accomplishment of which 
must be firmly secured, and not left to depend on contingencies, 
or the will and power of man. 

Q. With whom was it made, and what were its condi- 
tions 4 

A. It was made with the eternal Son of God; and the 
condition on. his part was, that “he should give his soul an of- 
fering for sin ;”’ and on the part of the Father, that he “ should 
see his seed and the travail of his soul, and be satisfied.’’—Isa. 
53: 10, 11. 

Q. What are the promises of this covenant, or the good 
which results from it to the chosen seed ? 


. 


THE COVENANTS. 37 


a 


A. All the riches of Divine grace that are treasured in 
Christ Jesus, and enjoyed by them in a'l ages, past, present, 
and to come. They are detailed in Jer. 31: 33, 34. 

Q. Why is this called the new covenant, if it was given 
430 years before the law ? f ; 

A. Because the church had never before been visibly 
placed under it. To them it was a new dispensation ; under 
which they were no longer to be mixed with unbelievers ina 
national community ; but to become a spiritual body ; the cha-— 
racter of its members, as well as their final salvation being se- 
cured by its provisions. 

Q. Was there not a covenant made with David ? 

A. The same promise, or revelation of the purpose of God, 
in the redemption of man, which had been made to Abram, «si3 
was afterwards brought to view in the 89th Psalm, where David, 
as a type of Christ, receives a full and clear dispensationof the 
covenant of grace. as 

Q. How was the promise here made to David, afterward 
accomplished in its immediate relation to his posterity ? Ce 

A. The typical character of himself and the direct heirs 
of his throne, is most strikingly supported in the remarkable 
dealings of God towards them from this time to the coming of 
the great antitype. 

Q. In what respect ? 

A. By aspecial Divine interposition, the lineal descent 
was preserved in his family, so that they did “not fail him a 
man to sit upon his throne till Shiloh come.” In this there 
was a manifest display of the sovereign pleasure of God, irre- 
spective of the merit or demerit of the persons concerned. 

Q. Under what covenant are unbelievers in the present 
day ? . 

A. Under the Sinai covenant of works, or the law ; and so 
long as they continue in unbelief, are bound by all its obliga- 
tions, and subject to all its penalties. 

Q. But if man, by the fall, has become morally incapable 
of holy obedience, does not his incapacity exempt him from 
obligation to the law? 

A. Nothing can possibly annul, or in any degree diminish 
the obligation of man to render a sinless obedience to the com- 
mands of God. The very fact, that he is morally incapable of 
loving and serving a holy Being, is, in itself, his guilt and con- 

A* 


88 CALL OF ABRAHAM. 


demnation. The blood of atonement alone can remove such 
guilt, and deliver from the righteous sentence of that law, 
which, though it knows no mercy for the offender, will ever re- 
main holy, just, and good. ) 


II. The call of Abraham, and the Jewish Church. 


Q. What is meant by the “call of Abraham ?” 

A. His separation from his kindred, and the land of his 
nativity, and his establishment in Canaan, as the father and 
founder of a great nation, a distinct and peculiar people.— 
Gen. 12. 

Q. Was there any special purpose to be effected by this? 

A. Avery important one. God was about toset upa great 
theatre of action, in which to display, by means of types and 
shadows, his eternal scheme or plan of grace, in the redemption 
of man. The Gospel, with all its distinguishing doctrines, 
was, under these, preached to the nation of Israel, as well as 
unto us.—Heb. 4: 2. The church was, for the first time, 
brought into a visible, though not a spiritual body, it being 
constituted indiscriminately of a whole nation, beiievers and 
unbelievers. 

Q. What gave tosuch a body the nature and character of 
a church ? . 

A. They were set apart by God himself, from the rest of 
the world, receiving from Him, as the supreme head and King, 
the ordinances of religious worship, by the observance of which 
they were known among all nations as his peculiar people. 

Q. Are we not taught that the church of Christ was re- 
deemed by his own blood, chosen and preserved in him unto 
eternal life? But this people have been cast off and rejected ? 

A. Thetrue church, or spiritual seed, never have been 
and never will be cast off; but under this dispensation they 
were not made manifest—the natural and spiritual branches 
standing together on the same root ; but God had appointed a 
time when he “ would break this covenant with all the people,” 
and distinguish between those who served him, and those who 
served him not. 

Q. What time is here meant ? 

A. That, when the Gospel kingdom should be set up, as 
predicted by Dan. 2: 44—and 9: 84—and which took place 


+ hoe 


MINISTRY OF MOSES. : 39 


eee 


when John the Baptist was sent to make ready a people pre- 
pared for the Lord—when the natural branches were broken off 
and those that were spiritually engrafted, stood by faith. 


Period 2d—Ministry of Moses—forty years. 
Cuap. 3d. 


Q. How does it appear that the bondage of Israel in Egypt 
was an event decreed in the Divine purpose ? 

A. God declared to Abram that it should take place, Gen. 
15: stating the exact time which they should continue to so- 
journ in a strange land, viz. 400 years, or during four genera- 
tions. 

Q. Are we to suppose this event had any typical relation 
to the church of Christ ? 

A. In the 4th chap. of Gal. we find a parallel period in 
the church, when those who were true believers, or children, 
“ differed nothing from servants,” “being in bondage under 
the elements of the world.” This period, at the appointed time 
of the Father, ended in the coming of Christ, being 4000 years 
from the creation. 

Q. Isthere any apparent reason why the promise of God, 
concerning the deliverance of this people, should have been 
made 400 years before its accomplishment ? 

A. It could not otherwise have answered to the antitypi- 
cal covenant, which was “ confirmed of God in Christ,” before 
the foundation of the world ; but not actually fulfilled till 4000 
years after the creation. 

Q. Why did God make use of so signal a method of de- 
liverance, in bringing Israel out of Egypt ? 

A. That they might ever remember, it was not effected 
“by their own might,” neither “ did their own arm save them,” 
but that “ His high hand and outstretched arm gave them the 
victory.” 

- Q. What particular circumstances distinguished the time 
and manner of their departure 1? 
A. They came out by night: they were first to eat the 


THE MORAL LAW. 


TC rrowm—*WOomt 


Passover—it was the beginning of time to them, or the era 
from whence they afterwards dated. 

Q. Can you trace a parallel of these things in the Gospel ? 

A. The plan of salvation, or the redemption of sinners 
from the bondage of sin, was neither devised by the wisdom, 
nor executed by the power of man; but by the “ determinate 
counsel and the outstretched arm of the Most High.” At the 
time when Christ appeared as the deliverer, the world was in 
its darkest and most degenerate state as it respects the know- 
ledge of the true God. From the birth of Christ, our years have 
since been dated. 

Q. What had Israel to pass before they were wholly de- 
livered or separated from‘the Egyptians ? 

A. The Red Sea, which appears, from 1 Cor. 10: 2, was 
expressive of putting onthe profession of discipleship to Moses, 
in the same manner as baptism in the Gospel church is a pro- 
fession of faith in Christ. 

Q. What reason can be given for the display of so much 
terror and majesty, upon the occasion of giving the law at 
Sinai? 

A. It was expressive of the nature of that law ; imperi- 
ously strict in its requirements, admitting not the least failure 
in one point, and knowing no mercy for the offender. 

Q. How was the law given? 

A. The first ten commands, together with the particular 
details which were intended to regulate their moral conduct, 
were spoken by God in a loud voice, from amidst the fire and 
the cloud upon the Mount, so that all Israel could hear.—Ex. 
from 20th to 24th chap. 

Q. Why were the ten commands written upon tables of 
stone ? 

A. God was pleased thus to distinguish them, probably for 
two reasons: Ist. because the greater part of them were moral 
in their nature, taking cognizance of the state of the heart, 
and founded in the nature and fitness of things; 2d, those 
which did not immediately bear this character, were such as 
had an important relation to the great work of redemption. 

Q. Which are these? ~ 

A. The 4th and the 17th. The latter, besides its benefi- 
cial influence upon the state of society, may doubtless be con- 


INSTITUTION OF THE SABBATH. Al 


sidered as referring to the nature of that union which subsists 
between Christ and his church, which, throughout the Bible, is 
most generally illustrated by that of marriage.—Eph. 5: 30— 
33 ; also, the Song of Solomon, and Isa. 54: 5. The pure and 
indissoluble nature of this union is enforced by the most pow- 
erful language and the most significant figures employed in the 
sacred writings. 

Q. How does it appear that the law of the Sabbath is not 
moral in its nature? 

A. The moral law is a transcript of the Divine perfections, 
and is written upon the consciences of men, even of those wiio 
know nothing of revelation—Rom. 2: 15. But though the 
light of nature might discover the propriety of consecrating a_ 
portion of time to the service of God, yet no one without reve- 
lation, could know that such a portion should be one-seventh, 
or in what manner this day should be observed. It must, there 
fore, derive its authority solely from the command of God 
Again, all the precepts of the moral law, are as eternal in their 
duration as they are universal in their extent; but the Jewish 
Sabbaths ended with the other ceremonies of that dispensation. 
—Col. 2: 14—16. 

Q. When was the Sabbath first instituted ? 

A. The day was sanctified by God, after he had finished 
the work of creation: but we have no evidence that it was ever 
observed by man till it was given to Israel in the wilderness, 
at the same time manna was furnished for food, Ex. 16: 5—29. 

Q. Does it appear that there were more than one Sabbath 
appointed by God? 

A. Yes, there were several, besides the regular rest of the 
7th day. They are described in the 23d of Lev. The feast 
of unleavened bread was begun and ended by a sabbath. The 
day of atonement was a sabbath. The day of Pentecost was 
a sabbath. The beginning and end of the feast of tabernacles 
wasasabbath. Also, every fiftieth year was to be a sabbath 
of the land. Every seventh year was also a sabbatical year. 

Q. Wereall these to be observed in the same manner as 
the regular Sabbath ? 

A. There was one point of difference, which, if we keep 
in view their typical character, becomes significant of an im- 
portant truth. It was this :—On the regular Sabbath, and on 
the day of atonement, “ no manner” of work must be dose ; but 


m4 


1) THE SABBATH. 


on the other sabbaths, servile work only was prohibited. If the 
regular Sabbath prefigured the Gospel day of rest which followed 
the finished redemption work of Christ ; and the day of atone- 
ment pointed to the great sacrifice for sin, we see that no man- 
ner of work, or in other words, nothing wrought by human ef- 
fort, could be admitted in either. But on the other sabbaths, 
which more particularly relate to Christian duties, that only 
is prohibited which is servile, or performed from a slavish or 
legal spirit. 

Q. Is there any thing in scripture to explain the meaning 
and design of this institution ? 

A. In several instances, God says concerning it: I have 
givan them my Sabbath, to be a * perpetual covenant”’—‘a 
sign between me and them, throughout all their generations ;”’ 
which, together with the allusion made to it in Heb. 4, leads us 
to conclude that it points typically and immediately to the set- 
tlement of Israel in Canaan, after a weary pilgrimage in the 
wilderness ; but chiefly to the more important rest, which was, 
in the fulness of time, to follow a greater work than that of 
creation; and to which a greater than Joshua would give en- 
trance to all who believe on Him, who in the hour of death, 
exclaimed, “it is finished.”’ Such as enter this rest, “cease 
from their own works as God did from His’”—the operation of 
a spirit of self-righteousness being a special breach of the 
*¢ Lord’s Sabbath.” 

Q. Have the Christian church a day of rest, set apart by 
Divine command? 

A. There is no particular day, sanctified by direct com- 
mand ; but we have sufficient reason to infer that God requires 
a seventh portion of time to be devoted to the special duties of 
religion. If the work of creaticn was commemorated under 
the Jewish dispensation, the Christian church have surely a 
much more momentous event to celebrate, in the work of re- 
demption. Jesus, when he had finished this work, entered into 
rest ; and the day on which he rose triumphantly from the con- 
quest of death and the grave, is, by the sanction of apostolic 
example, set apart by the Christian church, asa season de- 
voted to acts of public worship. The great King of Zion has 
abundantly testified his approbation of this appointment, by 
granting the witness of the Spirit to accompany the services of 
the sanétuary ; making it a special season of the manifestation 


; igh 


THE * PyYPES.” «. 48 


of his grace, in calling sinners to repentance, through the in- 
strumentality of a preached word. It was on this day that 
Christ appeared to his disciples, after his resurrection.—John 
20: 19; and afterwards repeatedly on the same day. It was 
on this day that the Spirit was so remarkably poured out.— 
Acts 2:1. Public worship was usual on this day.—Acts 20: 7. 
1, Cor, li 2. Rey: (10. 

Q. After the giving of the moral law, for what was Moses 
called into the Mount with God ? 

A. Tosee the * Pattern’ of the Tabernacle service, and 
to receive the commands of God respecting it. 

Q. Have we any information in regard to what this Pat- 
tern was, by which he was charged to make all things ? 

We are informed in Heb. that the Tabernacle service 
was the “example and shadow” of “better things,” which 
were tocome. ‘These things are, in the same book, explained | 
to be the new covenant plan of grace, or the ministry of our 
Great High Priest in his spiritual temple, the church. This, 
then, must have been what Moses saw in the Mount, and 
which the Tabernacle, with its appurtenances, were ‘made to 
represent. 

Q. What was the Tabernacle ? 

A. Itwasa tent, constructed of curtains, and covered with 
three coverings of different kinds of skins; and lastly with 
boards. It contained the instruments of daily service, together 
with the ark, mercy-seat, &c.; and was the place in which 
God promised to dwell, and where he held communion with 
Moses, in giving directions concerning Israel. 

Q. What did the Tabernacle represent ? 

A. We find the word used in Ps. 15:1, Ps. 27:5, Rev. 
21: 3; also, Eph. 2: 18—22. From these scriptures, we imply 
it to bea dwelling place for God among men; formally and lite- 
rally a tent of curtains, built after a Divine pattern; now a 
spiritual temple, built of ‘ lively stones,’’ the workmanship of 
God. 

Q. What were the most important things contained in it? 

A. First, the “ Ark of the Covenant,” called emphatically 
the “ glory and strength of Israel,’ inasmuch as it was symbo- 
lical of the visible presence of God. It was the confidence of 
Israel, and the terror of her enemies. 1 Sam, 4; 7—22; and 
5: 3. 


44 THE “ TYPES.” 
2 Os tr rarer toenail Sepa eS SE 

Q. Why was the ark thus distinguished ? 

A. It contained and preserved the moral law; thus form- 
ing a type of Him who secured the honor of that law, by obey- 
ing its precepts, and by suffering its penaltics.— Ps. 40: 8. 

Q. What was the mercy-seat ? 

A. It was of pure gold, and was put over the ark, in the 
most holy place. From the mercy-seat, God answered the in- 
quiries of the high priest. 

Q. Of what was it significant? 

A. Its very name explains its meaning. Mercy, both in 
its origin and its exercise, is altogether centered in Christ. 
He only is the medium of communication between God and 
men. 

Q. What was the most holy place? 

A. A part of the Tabernacle, separated from the rest bya 
veil. Into this, the high priest entered once every year, with 
the blood of the atonement, signifying the entering of Jesus 
into heaven itself by his own blood.—Heb. 9: 24. 

Q. What was the veil? 

A. It was a curtain, of blue, of scarlet, and find twined 
linen, which separated between the holy, and the most holy 
place. It was a figure of the human nature of Christ, which 
was the veil of His divinity, and which must be rent by death, 
before the way into heaven could be made manifest,—Heb. 
10: 20. 

Q. Why was the high priest so particularly dressed when 
he entered the most holy place ? 

A. To exhibit the office of Christ, as Priest and Advocate 
of his people. The names of the twelve tribes were inscribed 
upon the breast-plate, and borne upon the shoulders of the high 
priest, when he appeared before the mercy-seat ; so Christ 
bears the names of his people on his heart, and upholds them 
by his power, while he appears in the presence of God, to plead 
the efficacy of his blood, shed to obtain eternal redemption for 
them. 

Q. In what order did Israel encamp during their journey 
in the wilderness ? 

A. Their camp formed an exact square ; the Tabernacle 
was in the center, and the twelve tribes stationed, three on each 
side—Judah being in front, or on the east. 


Q. Was there any design in this order of things 2 


THE ISRAELITES IN CANAAN, 45 
BoE SORE SANs ot CERI gir oem ema gee ees oe ee ee 

_ A. If we compare the camp of Israel with the description 
of the New Jerusalem, in the 21st of Rey. we shall discover a 
remarkable resemblance between them. ee 

@. What nations on this side Jordan, were Israel not al- 
lowed to dispossess? = ey 

A. The Edomites, Ammonites, and Moabites. 

Q. Who were the Edomites? Sa ee - 

A. They were the descendants of Esau, to whom God gave 
Mount Seir, or Edom, for a possession, and who held it by vir- 
tue of this grant, till the time of David, when idumea was sub- 
jugated and made tributary.—2 Sam. 8: 14. — 

Q. Who were the Ammonites and Moabites? 

A. ‘They were the descendants of Lot; and were, for his 
sake, likewise favored with a special grant of their land, fora 
possession, till the same period—the reign of David. Each of 
these nations were afterwards signally desolated, as has been 
related under the subject of “ fulfilment of Prophecy.” 

Q. Were not the Arabians also distinguished by the tem- 
poral mercies of God? : 

_ A. They were, according to the promise of God to Hagar, 
“greatly multiplied,” and made to “dwell in the presence of 
their brethren,’’ and they continue to. this day to answer the 
character then given them :—*“ A wild man”—« Their hand 
against every man, and every man’s hand against them.” —_- 

_Q.. What disposition did these nations, who were connect- 
ed with Israel by natural relationship, manifest towards them 
during their journey to Canaan? = 

A. They proved to be their greatest enemies, for which 
they were subsequently visited by the judgments of God, 

~Q. Did Israel receive any possession on this side Jordan ? 

A. By the consent of Moses, the land of the Amorites 
was given to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of 
Manasseh. The whole extent of terntory promised to. Israel, 
was from the sea to the river Buphrates ; which, of course, in- 
cluded Moab and Ammon ; but they did not possess the whole 


> 2 : 


till the time of David, _ ye sseriee ete, 
@. Why did Moses recapitulate, upon the plains of Moab, 

all that had taken place since Israel came out of Egypt? 
A. Those who came out of Egypt, and who had entered 
into covenant with God, at Sinai, by promising obedience to 


the law there given, had all, except two out of 600,000, by the 
3) 


46 JOSHUA. 


A See 
judgments of God, fallen in the wilderness. Their children, 
therefore, to whom the good land was given, were then called 
upon to take the same covenant upon themselves, with its re- 
wards and penalties—the blessing and the curse. A recapitu- 
lation of the history of Ged’s dealings with their fathers, fur- 
nished them with a warning of what would be the consequence 
of their own failure, in obedience to this covenant. 

Q. _ Did they profit by this repeated opportunity of instruc- 
tion and admonition ? ; ; 

A. They did not, but continued to rebel, as their fathers 
had done, till God visited upon them all the curses with which 
he at this time threatened them. 


Period 3d.—Ministry of Joshua—24 years from the death of 


Moses. 


Cuap. 4th. 


Q. Why must the ministry of Moses cease before Israel 
entered Canaan? 

A. His typical character and office must become extinct 
on this side Jordan, according to Rom. 8: 8—and Gal. 3: 18. 

Q. In what respect was Joshua a type of Christ ? 

A. The offices he sustained, as leader, commander, and 
prophet of Israel, are so eminently typical that he is called by 
the same name—Acts 7: 45, and Heb. 4: 8—Jesus in Greek 
being the same as Joshua in Hebrew. He conquered the ene- 
mies of Israel, and gave them their inheritance in the pro- 
mised land. — 

Q. How were the several portions of the tribes assigned ? 

A. ‘The inheritance of Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of 
Mannasseh, was chosen by themselves, ‘with the sanction of 
Moses, on the east side of Jordan. That of Judah, Ephraim, 
and the other half tribe of Mannasseh, was appointed by Josh- 
ua; and the remaining tribes were stationed by lot. 


THE KINGDOM——SAUL——DAVID. 47 


Period Ath.—From Joshua to the Captivity. 
Cuap. 5th. 


Q. What was the condition of Israel after the death ef 
Joshua? 

A. They soon forgot the covenant engagement entered 
into upon the plains of Moab; disregarded both the promises 
and threatenings of God, and turned to idolatry. They were 
punished by being sold into the hands of their enemies ; but 
God, remembering his covenant promise to Abraham, raised up 
deliverers, who were called judges. Under the government of 
these judges they remained 288 years. 

What connection with Jewish history has the book of 
Ruth? 

A. The union of Ruth with Boaz forms the connecting 
link in the regular chain of descent from Abraham, through 
the family of Judah to David, and from him to Christ. 

Q. At what time did a regular succession of prophets 
commence ? 

A. In the days of Samuel, who first bore that office.— 
Acts 3: 26. 

Q. What change took place in the government of Israel 
during the time of Samuel? 

A. Hitherto God had been their King: and their form of 
government, is hence called a theocracy; but in the days of 
Samuel they demanded a king who should rule them as other 
nations. -~* 

_Q.. Did God grant the request? —— 

A. He did; but not till he had warned them by the mouth 
of Samuel, what would be “the manner of the kingdom’’ 
which their king would establish ; wherefore, it is said, ‘he 
gave them a king in his anger, and took him away in his 
wrath.” 

Q. Did they have another king after Saul’s death? 

A. God raised up David, a man after his own heart, and 
established his kingdom in Judah, throughout their generations, 
until the coming of Shiloh. » 


48 SEPARATION OF THE TEN TRIBES. 


iS.) an ee TEES ts Set ORE Ee ee See eee a ee se errr aa 


Q. How was the reign and character of David distin- 
guished ? ; 

A. He was eminent as a type of Christ, as ‘a man of war 
from his youth,’ and as ‘the sweet Psalmist of Israel.’ He is 
also distinguished as possessing and exercising all the most 
essential graces of the Christian character. 

Q. Were the kings of Israel from this time hereditary, or 
did God make any further choice of a ruler of his people? 

A. By right of inheritance, Nathan, the eldest son of 
David, would have taken the throne ; but God, in the exercise 
of his sovereign pleasure, made choice of Solomon to be king. 

Q. How was Solomon distinguished ? 

A. His reign was remarkable for the peace and prosperity 
that prevailed throughout the kingdom. Solomon was also an 
eminent type of the Messiah, particularly in his being chosen 
by God, “to build him a house.” 

Q. What division took place among the 12 tribes during 
the reion of Rehoboam? 

A. Ten tribes were rent from the united kingdom, leaving 
onlv two tribes, Judah and Benjamin, to the house of David. 

Q. What became of the ten tribes? 

A. They established a separate kingdom under Jeroboam, 
the son of Nebat. The capital of this kingdom was Samaria ; 
and hence the enmity which subsisted between the Samaritans 
and the Jews. This kingdom subsisted 254 years, when it 
was subverted by Shalmanaser, and the ten tribes were carried 
eaptive to Media, whence they were subsequently dispersed 
among other nations, till they became wholly extinct. 

Q. Was not the tribe of Judah equally guilty of the sins 
for which Israel were thus punished ? 

A. They were; and in due time were, in their turn, visi- 
ted with the judgments threatened in Deut. 28: but God had 
sworn to David, that “there should not fail hima man to sit 
upon his throne,” and that he would preserve him a * light in 
Jerusalem.” God likewise had respect to his promise to Abra- 
ham, Isaac, and Jacob, for whose sake he “ had a favor’ to this 
people. And again, his purpose in regard to the lineal de- 
scent of the Messiah, must be effected. For these reasons, 
God is represented as deferring his anger; while he continued 

uring all the time of this forbearance, to admonish them by 


THEIR CAPTIVITY——-THE PROPHETS. 49 
the mouth of his prophets, of the approaching judgments that 
awaited their disregard of his authority. 

Q. Did God ever make known the way in which he in- 
tended to punish them? 

A. Inthe reign of Hezekiah, 106 years before it took 
. place, he distinctly foretold, by the mouth of Isaiah, that they 
should be carried captive to Babylon: and at the same time, 
he promised their restoration, at the end of seventy years, to 
be effected by Cyrus, whom he would raise up for that especial 
purpose. 

When was this accomplished ? 

A. They were carried captive to Babylon by Nebuchad- 
nezar, 163 years after the dispersion of the ten tribes ; and at 
the time promised, Cyrus, prince of Persia, did, according to 
the word of the Lord, restore them again to their own land. 

Q. Do we find any period in the history of the antitypi- 
cal church which is prefigured by the Babylonish captivity ? 

A. To decide this, we must ascertain what is intended by 
Babylon. We find in Rev. 17, it is, among other names, given 
to the woman whom John saw sitting upon a scarlet colored 
beast. This woman is supposed by commentators, to be the 
church of Rome, which is also understood to be referred to, un- 
der the name of “ Anti-Christ’’—the “ man of sin’”’—‘“ myste- 
ry of iniquity,” &c. The captivity of the church, in mystical 
Babylon, may, however, probably be understood as embracing 
every species of error, which is calculated to draw the people 
of God from the liberty of the truth. But they, also, have a 
gracious promise of deliverance from this bondage, in Isa. 10: 
37. God says, “in that day shall the yoke of the Assyrian be 
taken from the neck of the daughter of Zion, because of the 
anointing,” or the influence of the Holy Spirit, which Christ 
has promised shall lead his people into all truth. 

Q. At what period did Isaiah prophecy ? 

A. From the reign of Uzziah to the end of that of Heze- 
kiah, a period of about 63 years. He chiefly predicted the 
punishments which God intended to bring upon the enemies of 
Israel, who had triumphed in their overthrow ; while he com- 
forts them by an exhibition of the kingdom and officers of 
Christ, and the future glory of the church. , 

Q. When did Jeremiah prophecy ? 

5 


Mao ae Se 


50 TITLES OF THE DEITY. 
ee dente Nae a a a at enn 

A. From the reign of Josiah to the Babylonish captivity, 
about 68 years. His messages to the people were chiefly de- 
nunciations of the approaching judgments of God in the de- 
struction of Jerusalem and the captivity of Judah; but he was 
permitted also to predict their restoration. He likewise de- 
clares the promises of the new covenant, and the blessings of 
the Gospel dispensation. 

Q. When did Ezekiel prophecy ? 

A. Principally during the captivity in Babylon, God ‘re- 
veals to him, by means. of various emblems, his intentions in 
dealing with Israel, and the destruction of those nations who 
had exulted in the affliction of his people. 

Q. What was the period of Daniel’s prophecy ? 

A. It was also during the captivity. To him was still 
more clearly revealed the establishment of the kingdom of 
Christ. He also predicts the revolutions which should agitate 
the three great empires of Persia, Greece, and Rome, previous 
to the coming of Christ. 

Q. What was the period of the other prophets 

A. Nearly the same with those mentioned, and their pre- 
dictions nearly of the same character. 

Q.* Were all the Jews sent from Babylon to Jerusalem, 
by the decree of Cyrus? 

A. A part of thein, under the government of ‘Shezbazzer, 
went up 536 years before Christ ; 59 years afterwards, another 
company, under Ezra, were permitted to join them ; and 12 
years from that time, N ehemiah went up, and completed the 
work of rebuilding the city, &c. and setting in order the ser- 
vice of the sanctuary. 


Crap. 6th. 


The Character, Attributes, and Titles, assumed by the Supreme 
Being, illustrated by the circumstances under which they were 
revealed. 

And God said let us make man. Gen. 1: 26. 
Previous to the formation of man, the Creator reveals him- 


TITLES OF THE, DEITY. 51 


self as God; but when man was to be made, there was a con- 
sultation of the Deity; signifying that in him, all the Persons 
of the Trinity are concerned. 


JT am that Lam.” Ex. 3: 16. 


The name which God sent by Moses, to assure the people of 
Israel, that he was the same unchangeable Being who, 400 
years before, had promised to deliver them from the bondage 
of Egypt. 


“ The Lord thy God.” Ex..20:°2. 


From the éreation to the call. of Abram, Jehovah styles him- 
self the “ Lord God ;’’ but, in addressing the three “ fathers,”’ 
and the people of Israel, whom he had chosen for his inheri- 
tance, there is an appropriation of the Deity to them. 


Iam thy Shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Gen. 15: 1. 


When God reveals to Abraham the future affliction of Israel 
during their bondage in the “iron furnace’ of Egypt, he pre- 
faces the prediction with these encouraging words ; by which 
he pledges himself to protect, and finally to deliver them. 


I am the Almighty God. Gen. 17: 1. 


® When as yet Abraham had no child, and was 99 years of 
age, God promises that his seed should be “as the stars of 
heaven for number,” and to strengthen his faith in that which 
was out of the natural course of things, God brings to view his 
own omnipotence. 


Jehovah Tarek. aGent 2: 12: 


“ In the mount of the Lord, it shall be seen,’’ that the * Lord 
will provide,” not only a ram as a substitute for the oniy son 
of Abraham, but also a better sacrifice as a substitute for 
sinners. 


The Lord is'‘a Man of War. Ex. 15: 3. 


When Israel are in fear of being. overpowered by their ener 


52 TITLES OF THE DEITY. 


mies, they are reminded that the same right arm which got 
Israel the victory at the Red Sea, is pledged to defend them 
from every weapon formed against them. 


The Lord God of Gods. Joshua 22: 22. 


When the tribes on this side Jordan were accused by their 
brethren of intending to worship idols, they appeal to him who 
is so far above all other Gods as to be able to know their 
hearts. 


Jehovah Shalom. Judges 6: 24. 


When the Lord appeared to Gideon, he was terrified, and 
expected some evil to follow; but the answer was, “ peace be 
unto thee.” These words he gave as a name to the altar which 
he built. ; 


The Lord of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel. 
1 Sam. 17: 45.° 


Confidence in this name, nerved the arm of the youthful 
David when he met the uncircumcised Philistine upon the 
plains of Elah, and the God in whom he trusted gave him the 
victory. 


The Holy One of Israel. 2 Kings 19: 22. 


The reply which God sent to Senacherib, who boasted his 
conquest over the numerous Gods of the land; but who found 
that the “ defence of Israel was not like them.” 


The Great, the Mighty, and the terrible God. Neh. 9: 32. 


The language of Nehemiah, in view of the judgments. of 
God upon Israel, in delivering them to captivity, and in suffer- 
ing their holy city to be laid waste. 


Our God is a Consuming Fire. Heb. 12: 29. 


To devour his adversaries, and to refine and purify his own 
people—burning up their dross and tin, but suffering not a par- 
ticle of true gold to be lost. . 


TITLES OF THE DEITY. 53 


The Lord is a Sun and Shield. Ps. 80. 


A sun to enlighten and warm the hearts of his people, and a 
shield to defend them in the time of danger. 


Wonderful Counsellor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, 
Prince of Peace. Isa. 9: 6. 


As a counsellor, he devised the great scheme of redemption, 
and as a Mighty God, he carried it into effect. As the Ever. 
lasting Father, he is infinite and eternal in his being, attributes 
and perfections ; and as the Prince of Peace, he makes recon- 


ciliation by the blood of the cross, and proclaims peace and 


pardon through the gospel. 
Thy Maker is thy Husband. Isa. 54: 5. 


The union between Christ and his church, is represented 
under the figure of a marriage contract, by which her Maker 
becomes her Husband. 


The Lord our Righteousness. Jer. 23: 6. 


Jesus Christ, in executing the work of redemption, perfectly 
fulfiled the law, in obeying its precepts and suffering its pen- 
alties, by which he wrought a righteousness, which being im- 
puted to the believer, becomes his justification in the sight of 

od. 


Iam the Root and the Offspring of David. Rev. 22: 16. 


Jesus Christ, in his united character of God and man, was 
both the Root and offspring of David. As God, he is the root 
or vine, into which David is engrafted, both by covenant and 
by faith. As man, he is the lineal descendant of David, and 
thus becomes his offspring. 


Iam Alpha and Omega. Rev. 24: 18. 


Jesus Christ is the great first cause of all things, both in 
heaven and earth, He is also the end, or finisher of all things. 
He finished the Old Testament, by “ blotting out the hand- 
writing of ordinances, nailing it to the cross ;” and he will 


54 REVELATION OF CHRIST. 


finish the Gospel dispensation, when he shall deliver up the 
mediatorial kingdom to the Father, that “ God may be all in all.” 


I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life. John 16: 6. 


Jesus Christ, as Mediator of the new covenant is the only 
channel of intercourse between God and sinners. He is the 
sum and substance of revealed truéh—the antitype of types— 
the substance of its shadow—the fulfilment of its prophecies— 
the founder of its doctrines, and the instituter of its ordinances. 
He is likewise both the author and dispenser of eternal /ife. 


Immanuel. Isa. 7: 14. 
No man hath seen God at any time; but the eternal Son, 


veiling his divinity in humanity, dwelt among men—so be- 
coming * God with us.” 


Cuap. 7th. 


-.-Q. Did Jesus Christ ever reveal himself in the form of 
man, under the Old Testament ? 

A. He did at eight different times. Ist. To Abraham, 
when he dwelt on the plains of Mamre. Gen. 15. 2d. To Ja- 
cob, when he was about to encounter his brother Esau. Gen. 
32. 3d. To Moses and Aaron, and the seventy elders of Is- 
rael, in Mount Sinai, Ex.24. 4th. To Joshua, when he stood 
by Jericho. Josh. 5, 5th. To Gideon, when he was chosen 
judge of Israel, Judges 6. 6th. To Manoah, when Samson 
was promised. Judges 13. ‘7th. To Nebuchadnezzar, in the 
fiery furnance. Dan. 8. 8th. To Dan., by the river Hiddekel, 
in Babylon. Dan. 10. 

Q. How does it appear that it was Christ who visited 
Abraham ? 

A. It is evident that Abraham at first thought him to be 
aman; and that the same person is, during the interview, 
called «the Lord ;”’ and also that he himself adopts the lan- 
guage of Deity. 

Q. How is it proved that Christ appeared to Jacob? 


REMARKS ON THE OLD TESTAMENT. 55 


eda Sa a eS a re 


A. It is first said, there “wrestled a man with Jacob,” 
&c., and afterward that he “had power with God,” &e. 

Q. How does it appear that it was Christ, who was seen 
by Moses and the elders, in Mount Sinai ? 

A. The Scripture declares, that * no man hath seen God 
at any time :”’ but it also says, that when Moses and the elders 
were called up into the Mount, they “there saw the Lord God 
of Israel,” by which must, of course, be meant a manifestation 
of God in the form of man, or the Lord Jesus Christ. 

Q. What reason is there to suppose it was Christ who 
appeared to Joshua, at Jericho ? 

A. That it was the form of man, appears from the manner | 


in which Joshua addressed him; that it was also God, appears —_— 


by the language he uses in reply ; which was the same as that 
used by God, when he appeared to Moses, in the burning bush, 
on Mount Horeb :—“ Put off thy shoes from thy feet,” &c. 

Q. What proves his appearance to Gideon and to Ma- 
noah ? 

A. The fact that they each at first, supposed they were 
addressing a mere man, and afterwards were made to know 
and confess it was the Lord. 

Q. Why are we to suppose that Christ was seen by Ne- 
buchadnezzar ? 

A. He declares that three persons were cast into the fur- 
nace, and that he saw four men walking in the midst of the 
fire, and the form of the fourth was like unto the Son of God. 

Q. Why are we to suppose he was seen by Daniel ? 

A. Because the same description which is here given of 
the vision which Daniel saw, is in Rev. 1, applied to Christ. 


Cuap. 8th. 
General remarks upon the Old Testameni. 


Q. From Adam to the Lord Jesus Christ, a distinct gen- 
eral line is to be traced, in which it appears that the blessing 
of Cod descends from father to son, as if by right of inheri- 
tance: is this so to be understood? _ 


56 REMARKS ON THE OLD TESTAMENT. 


A. The purpose of this genealogical line is to preserve the 
lineage of Christ ; without which the evidence of prophecy 
would be essentially weakened. The temporal destinies of 
those connected with this object, were doubtless made subser- 
vient to it} and it is also evident that many benefits resulted to 
those, distinguished as his progenitors;—witness the nation of 
Israel, to whom * pertained the oracles of God” &c., and also 
the tribe of Judah, preserved from merited judgments, till the 
fullness of the appointed time for Shilohto appear. But these 
benefits were solely of a temporal character, the nature of the 
covenant of grace, which represents the elect as “ chosen in 
Christ before the foundation of the world,” forbidding the idea, 
that spiritual mercies could be enjoyed by right of birth, or in 
any other way than that of vital union to Him, in whom they 
are all treasured. Oe SG a RS ee 

Q. Are we to consider the New Testament as a continu- 
ation of the Old? is ¥ ae 
_ A. So far as the latter isa history of the dawn, and gradual 
increase of that light, which preceeded the meridian glory of the 
gospel day ; and so far as it is a record of events, leading to 
the great work of Redemption,—it may be considered as form- 
ing a part of the New Testament. But as it regards the na- 
ture of the two dispensations, they are totally distinct; as 
much so, as the shadow is distinct from the substance—the 
sien, from the thing signified. During the first Testament 
those who were true believers in the promised blessings of the 
gospel were, as we have before observed, under tutors and go- 
vernors; differing nothing from servants, being indiscriminately 
- connected with unbelievers in one national church, or congre- 
gation, and together with them, in bondage under the elements 
of the world. Though truly heirs of the new covenant mercies 
they were, with the great body of the people placed under a 
covenant of works; and bound by their own voluntary act, to 
perform its conditions, or bear its penalties. This “ covenant 
with all the people,” God, frequently, by the mouth of his proph- 
ets, declares his intention to break or annul,—and that the day 
was approaching when the “ Messenger of the covenant (New 
T'estament,) should sit as a refiner and a purifier of silver’’ &c, 
«Then shall they return and discern between the righteous 
and the wicked, between them that serve God, and them. that 
serve him not.” This began to be accomplished at the preach- 


ras 


REMARKS ON THE OLD TESTAMENT. 57 


ing of John the Baptist, who said to such ag claimed gospel 
ordinances upon the plea of being Abraham’s children, that 
the axe was now laid at the root of the tree, and that all who 
did not bring forth fruits mete for repentance, would be cut off. 
Again when Christ declared to the people the discriminating 
doctrines of the gospel, they were offended, and walked no 
more with him. ‘Thus the natural branches, which had so long 
partaken of the root and fatness of the typical olive, were, now 
_ that the true root was prevented, broken off, that Gentile be- 
lizvers might be grafted in. isi, 

Q. Why is it that some parts of scripture represent man 
as utterly helpless in spiritual things, imputing the work of re- 
generation solely to the agency of the Holy Spirit ; while other 
parts call upon him to ‘cleanse himself from unrighteousness,” 
and to “make him a hew heartandaright spirit?”’? Ezk. 18: 30,31. 

A. When God represents man as “ dead in sin,’ and the 
work of regeneration to belong to hitnself, he speaks in accor- 
dance with his uniform testimony on that subject: but in the 
18th of Kzk., Israel complains that God’s ways are unequal in 
visiting upon the children the iniquity of the fathers ; and inti- 
mate that, were it not for some fatality which prevented, they 
would gladly obey his will. God, in reply, addresses them up- 
on their own principles, challenging them to do, what they 
claimed the ability to perform ; promising that no decree should 
prevent ; but that he that turned from his unrighteousness and 
did that which was right, “ should save his soul alive.” : 

Q. Does not God “visit the iniquity of the fathers upon 
the children ?” 

A. In temporal, but not in spiritual concerns. Under a 
“law of works,” embracing only external priviliges, held by” 
the tenure of obedience, it was not unusual, for the third 
and fourth generation to be visited for the sins of their progers 
itors. Witness the case of the Canaanites, and especially the 
nation of Israel in their present condition. But these judg- 
ments never feli upon any that were not personally guilty.— 
The temporal mercies of God, have in like manner, during 
many generations, rested upon the descendants of his ser- 
vants; as in the case of Esau, Moab, and Ammon, and the 
house of David. But not so, the free gift of elernal life, which 
is bestowed by Christ upon those whom his Father has given 
him, and whom he has purchased by his own blood, 

6 


58 THE MESSIAH. 


Crap. 9th. 
NEW TESTAMENT. 


Tue MEsSsIAH. 


PREDICTIONS. 
Behold, a virgin shall con- 
ceive, and bear a son, and shall 
call his name Immanuel. Isa. 


7214. 


But thou, Bethlehem Ephra- 
tah, though thou be _ little 
among the thousands of Judah, 
yet out of thee shall he come 
forth unto me, that is to be 
ruler in Israel; whose goings 
forth have been from of old, 
from everlasting. Micah 5: 2. 

When Israel was a child, 
then I loved him, and called 
my son out of Egypt. Hos. 
: i ie 


Thus saith the Lord: A 
yoice was heard in Ramah, 
lamentations and bitter weep- 
ing; Rachel weeping for her 
children, &c. Jer. 31: 15. 


The voice of him that crieth 
in the wilderness, Prepare ye 
the way of the Lord, make 
straight in the desert a high- 
way for our God. Isa. 40: 3. 


Man doth not live by bread 
only, but by every word that 


FULFILMENT. 

And she shall bring forth a 
son, and thou shalt call his 
name Jesus; for he shall save 
his people from their sins. 
Mat. 1: 21. 

Now, when Jesus was born 
in Bethlehem, of Judea, in the 
days of Herod the king, &c. 
Mat. 2: 1. 


Then he arose, and took the 
young child and his mother by 
night, and departed into Egypt, 
and was there until the death 
of Herod. Mat. 2: 14, 15. 

Then Herod, when he saw 
he was mocked of the wise 
men, was exceeding wroth, 
and sent forth and slew all the 
children that were in Bethle- 
hem. Mat. 2: 16. . 

In those days, came John 
the Baptist, preaching in the 
wilderness of Judea, and say- 
ing, Repent ye, for the king- 
dom of heaven is at hand. 
Mat. 3: 1, 2. 

And when the tempter came 
to him, he said, If thou be the 


PROPHECIES OF 
proceedeth out of the mouth of 
the Lord doth man live. Deut. 
8: 3. 

For he shall give his angels 
charge over thee, to keep thee 
in all thy ways. Ps. 91: 11. 


Nevertheless, the dimness 
shall not be such as was in 
her vexation, when at the first 
he lightly afflicted the land of 
Zebulon, and the land of Naph- 
tali, and afterward did more 
grievously afflict her by the 
way of sca, beyond Jordan, in 


Galilee of the nations. Isa. 
9:1 


And there shall come forth 
a rod out of the stem of Jesse, 
and a branch shall grow out 
of his roots. Isa. 11: 1. 

And the key of the house of 
David will I lay upon his 
shoulder: so he shall open, 
and none shall shut; and he 
shall shut and none shall open. 
Isa. 22:- 22. 

Therefore, thus saith the 
Lord God, Behold, I lay in 
Zion, for a foundation, a stone, 
a tried stone, a precious cor- 
ner stone, a sure foundation ; 
he that believeth shall not 
make haste. Isa. 28: 16. 

The stone which the build- 
ers refused, is become the 
head-stone of the corner. Ps. 
118. 22. 

For the daughter riseth up 
against her mother; the daugh- 
ter-in-law against her mother- 


THE MESSIAH. 59 
Son of God, command that 
these stones be made bread. 
Mat. 4: 3. 

And saith unto him, If thou 
be the Son of God, cast thy- 
self down; for it is written, 
&c.. Mat. 4: 6. 

Now, when Jesus had heard 
that John was cast into prison, 
he deperted into Galilee; and 
leaving Nazereth, he came 
and dwelt in Capernaum, 
which is upon the sea coast, — 
in the borders of Zebulon and 
Nephtalim. Mat. 4: 12, 13. 


Of this man’s seed, hath 
God, according to his pro- 
mise, raised unto Israel a Sa- 
viour, Jesus. Acts 13: 23. 

These things saith he that is 
holy, he that is true, he that 
hath the key of David, he that 
openeth, and no man shutteth; 
and shutteth, and no man 
openeth, Rev. 3: 7. 

Other foundation can no 
man lay than that is laid, 
which is Jesus Christ. 1 Cor. 
o: Ll. 


This is the stone which was 
set at naught of you builders, 
which is become the head of 
the corner. Acts 4: 11. 

Think not that I am come 
to send peace on earth, I come 
not to send peace, but a sword ; 


oti i ; * F 
ae 
= ‘yt 


60 PROPHECIES OF 


THE MESSIAH, 


in-law ; a man’s enemies are 
those of his own house. Mi- 
cah 7: 6. 


Then shall the lame man 
leap as an host, and the tongue 
of the dumb shall sing, &c. 
Isa. 35: 6. 

The spirit of the Lord God 
is upon me; because the Lord 
hath anointed me to preach 
good tidings unto the meek ; 
he hath sent me to bind up 
the broken-hearted, to pro- 
claim liberty to the captives, 
and the opening of the prison 
to them that are bound: to 
proclaim the acceptable year 
of the Lord, &c. Isa, 61: 1, 2. 

Behold my servant, whom 
I uphold, mine elect, in whom 
my soul delighteth; I have 
put my spirit upon him; he 
shall bring forth judgment to 
the Gentiles. Isa. 42: 1. 


And he said, Go and tell 
this people, Hear ye indeed, 
but understand not; and see 
ye indeed, but perceive not. 
Ieaz'62 9.1, 

Rejoice greatly, O daugh- 
ters of Zion; shout, O daugh- 
ters of Jerusalem ; behold thy 
King cometh unto thee ; he is 
just, and having salvation ; 
lowly, and riding upon an ass, 


for Iam come to set a man at 
variance against his father, 
the daughter against her mo- 
ther, &c. Mat. 10: 34, 35. 

And great multitudes came 
unto him, having with them 
those that were lame, &c. 
Mat. 15: 30. 

And he began to say unto 
them, this day is this Scripture 
fulfilled in your ears. Luke 
4; 21. 


And Jesus, when he was 
baptized, went up straightway 
out of the water: and lo, the 
heaveiis were opened unto 
him, and he saw the Spirit of 
God descending like a dove, 
and lighting upon him: and 
lo, a voice from heaven saying 
thisis my beloved Son i: whom 
I am well pleased. Mat. 3: 
16, 17. 

Therefore speak 1 unto them 
in parables ; because they see- 
ing see not ; and hearing they 
hear not, neither do they un- 
derstand. Mat. 13: 18. 

And the disciples went, and 
did as Jesus commanded them. 
And brought the ass, and the 
colt, and put on them their 
clothes, and they sat him there- 
on. Mat. 21: 6, 7. 


Med 
bs my 


; AND THEIR FULFILMENT: 61 
BE” ER ROSS CRE EET ME EFT 


and upon a colt the foal of an 
ass. Zech. 9: 9. 

Yet it pleased the Lord to 
bruise him; he hath put him 
to grief: when thou shalt make 
his soul an offering for sin, he 
shall see his seed, he shall 
prolong his days, and the plea- 
sure of the Lord shall prosper 
in his hand. He shall see of 
the travil of his soul and shall 
be satisfied &c. Isa. 33: 10, 
11. 


I gave my back to the smi- . 


ters, and my cheeks to them 
that plucked off the hair: I 
hid not my face from shame 
and spitting. Isa. 50: 6. 

And I said unto them, If ye 
think good, give me my price; 
and if not, forbear. So they 
weighed for my price thirty 
pieces of silver. Zech. 11: 
12. 
They part my garments a- 
mong them, and cast losts up- 
on my vesture. Ps. 22: 18. 

They gave me also gall for 
my meat, and in my thirst they 
gave me vinegar to drink.— 
Ps. 69: 213%) 9; 


I, even J, am he that blot- 
teth out thy transgressions for 
mine own sake, and I will not 
remember thy sins. Isa. 43: 
20. 

And he was numbered with 
the transgressors ; and he bore 
the sins of many and made in- 


Thinkest thou that I cannot 
now pray to my Father, and 
he shall presently give me 
more than twelve legions of 
angels? But how then shall 
the scriptures be fulfilled, that 
thus it must be? Mat. 26: 
03, 54, 


Then did they spit in his 
face, and buffetted him; and 
others smote him with the: 
palms of their hands. Mat. 
26 27) 

And said unto them, What 
will ye give me, and I will de- 
liver him unto you? And they 
covenanted with him for thir- 
ty pieces of silver. Mat. 26: 
15 


And they crucified him, and 
parted his garments, casting 
lots. Mat. 28: 35. 

They gave him vinegar to 
drink, mingled with gall: and 
when he had tasted thereof, he 
would not drink. Mat. 27: 
34. 

When Jesus saw their faith, 
he said unto the sick of the 
palsy, Son, thy sins be forgiven 
thee. Mark, 2: 5. ; 


And with him they crucified 
two thieves; the one on his 


right hand, and the other on 
*6 


* 


62 


PROPHECIES OF THE MESSIAH 


ee ee eee 


tercession for the transgres- 
sors. Isa. 53: 12. 

And there was given him 
dominion, and glory, and a 
kingdom, that all people, na- 
tions and languages, should 
serve him: his dominion is an 
everlasting dominion, which 
shall not pass away, and his 
kingdom that which shall not 
be destroyed. Dan. 7: 14. 

And he shall be for a sanc- 
tuary ; but for astone of stum- 
bling and a rock of offence to 
both the houses of Israel; for 
a gin and for a snare to the 
inhabitants of Jerusalem.— 
Isa. 8: 14. 

And I will put enmity be- 
tween thee and the woman, 
and between thy seed and her 
seed ; it shall bruise thy head, 
and thou shalt bruise his heel. 
Gen. 3: 15. 


He was oppressed, and he 
was afflicted; yet he opened 
not his mouth: he is brought 
as a lamb to the slaughter, 
and as a sheep before her 
shearers is dumb, so he opened 
not his mouth. Isa. 33: 7. 

And I will make them one 
nation in the land upon the 
mountains of Israel ; and one 
king shall be king to them all, 
and they shall be no more two 
nations, neither shal they be 


_ divided into two kinedoms, 


his left. Mark, 15: 27. 


He shall be great and shall 
be called the Son of the High- 
est; and the Lord God shall 
give unto him the throne of 
his father David: and he shall 
reign over the house of Jacob 
forever; and of his kingdom 
there shall be no end. Luke, 
1: 82, 23. 

And Simeon blessed them, 
and said unto Mary his moth- 
er, Behold, this child is set for 
the fall and rising again of 
many in Israel ; and fora sign 
which shall be spoken against. 
Luke, 2: 38. 

For as much then as the 
children are partakers of flesh 
and blood, he also himself like- 
wise took part of the same; 
that through death he might 
destroy him that had the pow- 
er of death, that is the devil. 
Heb. 2: 14. 

But Jesus held his peace.— 
Math. 26: 63. 

Who when he was reviled, 
reviled not again, when he suf- 
fered he threatened not; but 
committed himself to him that 
judgeth righteously. 1. Pet. 
2: 23 


And other sheep I have, 
which are not of this fold, 
them also I must bring, and 
they shall hear my voice; and 
there shall be one fold, and 
one shepherd. Jno. 10 16. 


AND THEIR FULFILMENT. 63 


any more atall. Ezk, 37: 22. 


Who hath believed our re- 
port? and to whom is the 
arm of the Lord revealed? Isa. 
53: 7: 


Neither shall ye break a 
bone thereof. Ex. 12: 46. 


For thou wilt not leave my 
soul in hell; neither wilt suf- 
fer thine Holy One to see cor- 
ruption. Ps. 15: 10. 


The Lord said unto my 
Lord, Sit thou at my right 
hand until I make thine ene- 
mies thy foot-stool. Ps. 110: 1. 


The Lord hath sworn in 
truth unto David, he will not 
turn from it, Of the fruit of 
thy body will I set rig thy 
throne. Ps. 132: 11. 


Yea, mine own familiar 
friend in whom T trusted, 
which did eat of my bread, 
hath lifted up his heel against 
me. Ps, 41: 9. 


legs. 


But though he had done so 
many miracles before them, 
yet they believed not on him. 
Jno. 12: 37. 


But when they came to Je- 
sus and saw that he was dead 
already, they brake not his 
Jno. 19: 33. 

He, seeing this before, spake 
of the resurrection of Christ, 
that his soul was not left in 
hell, neither his flesh did see 
corruption. Acts 2: 31. 

Therefore let all the house 
of Israel know assuredly, that 
God hath made that same Je- 
sus, whom ye have crucified, 
both Lord and Christ. Acts 
2; 36. 

Therefore being a prophet, 
and knowing that God had 
sworn with an oath to hin, 
that of the fruit of his loins ac- 
cording to the flesh, he would 
raise up Christ to sit on his 
throne. Acts 2: 20. 

I speak not of you all; I 
know whom I have chosen; 
but that the scripture may be 
fulfilled, He that eateth bread 
with me, hath lifted up his 
heel against me. John, 18: 
18. 


a 
a 
e? 
- 


a 


* 


64 


MEDIATORIAL 


And Moses went up unto 
God, and the Lord called unto 
him out of the mountain. Ps. 
Al: 4, 


I will declare the decree ; 
the Lord hath said unto me, 
Thou art my Son; this day 
have I begotten thee. Ps. 2: 
7 


And after threescore and 
two weeks shall Messiah be 
cut off, but not for himselfi— 
Dan. 9: 26. 

Awake, O sword against 
my shepherd, and against the 
man that is my fellow, saith 
the Lord of Hosts; smite the 
shepherd and the sheep shall 
be scattered; Zech. 238: 7. 


ee 


This is he that was in the 
church in the wilderness, with 
the angel that spake to him in 
the Mount Sinai, &c. Acts 
7: 38. 

God hath fulfilled the same 
unto us their children, in that 
he hath raised up Jesus again, 
&c. Acts 13: 33. 


Go ye up unto this feast. I 
go not up yet unto this feast ; 
for my time is not yet full 
come. Jno. 7; 8. 

Then saith Jesus unto them, 
All ye shall be offended be- 
cause of me this night, for it 
is written, I will smite the 
Shepherd and the sheep of the 
flock shall be scattered abroad. 
Matt. 26: 31. 

Then all the disciples for- 
sook him and fled. Mat. 25: 
06. 


Cuap. 10th. 


Mediatorial character of Christ. 


Q. What is to be understood by the office of Mediator? 

A. A Mediator is one who stands between two adverse 
parties, for the purpose of making peace. 

Q. In what sense does Christ sustain this office, and when 


did he begin to exercise it ? 


A. He is the Mediator of the new covenant, and in this 
character, he makes reconciliation between God and his offend- 


ing people. 


His mediatorial work commenced with the first 


transgression ; otherwise man, like the rebel angels, would have 
“experienced the full and immediate penalty of sin. 


CHARACTER OF CHRIST. 65 


Q. How was the exercise of this office made manifest 
under the Old Testament ? 

A. Principally through the means of types; the first of 
which was the vision of the ladder to Jacob. But the most 
important type was Moses, in the relation which he sustained 
to national Israel. 

Q. In what respect was the ladderseen by Jacob, a type? 

A. It extended from earth to heaven, intimating the two 
distinct natures, human and divine, which it was necessary the 
Saviour should possess that he might be qualified to “lay his 
hand on both parties.” Had he been less than God, he could 
not have made atonement for sin. Had he not been also man, 
he could not have been “ touched with the feeling of our infir- — 
mities.” On this ladder “angels were seen ascending and 
descending.” It is by Jesus Christ, who is the only channel of 
communication between God and sinners, that these heavenly 
messengers, are sent to minister to the heirs of salvation. 

Q. In what respect was Moses a type? 

A. By standing in the same relation to national Israel] that 
Christ sustains to his church. On several occasions when Is- 
rael, by rebellion, provoked the wrath of God, he threatened to 
destroy them ; but Moses, in his office as Mediator, interceded 
for them, and they were spared. 

Q. On what particular occasions did this take place ? 

A. The first instance was at Sinai, when they were guilty” 
of idolatry, in setting up the golden calf. On this occasion, — 
God says to Moses “let me alone” or stand away from be-. 
tween me and the people, “that I may destroy them.” In 
holy violence to this command, but, by virtue of an office of 
God’s own appointment, Moses persists in pleading for their 
pardon, until he obtains a promise that God would not only 
turn from the evil which he intended to do them, but that his 
presence should go with him; and that he would show to Mo- 
ses ‘“ His way” and declare ‘“ His name ;” or in other words 
make known to him the exceeding riches of the covenant of 
grace. Ex. 33. 

Q. Was there any other instance similar to this? 

A. Yes; at the rebellion of Israel, on hearing the evil re- 
port of the ten spies, who were sent to search the promised 
land. At this time, Moses, like a skilful advocate, reminds 


66 CHRIST AS A MEDIATOR. 


Dee 


the Lord, of that “ great name” which he had declared at Ho- 
reb; and of the dishonor which would be cast upon it by the 
heathen, if after choosing this people from out all nations, de- 
livering them from Egypt, promising them the land of Canaan, 
and bringing them thus far towards it, he should now forsake 
or destroy them. He urges, that the heathen would say, “ be- 
cause the Lord was not able to bring this people into the land 
which he sware to them, therefore hath he slain them.” 

Q. Did the Lord hearken to him at this time ? 

A. Hedid; and the reply which he made to Moses, affords 
a striking argument against the doctrine of universal salvation, 
by proving that, although the promise of God to the true 
“heirs” of grace can never fail, as in the instance of Caleb 
and Joshua, yet the guilty will most surely be punished, though 
by virtue of a Mediator’s intercession, they may be spared for 
a time. 

Q. How does this appear? 

A. It is seen in these words, “And the Lord said, I have 
pardoned according to thy word; but as truly as I live saith 
the Lord, all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the 
Lord. Because all these men which have seen my glory, and 
my miracles which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness, have 
tempted me now these ten times, and have not hearkened to 
my voice; surely, they shall not see the land which I sware 
unto their fathers, neither shall any of them that provoked me 

see it,” &c. Numbers 14: 21. “So I sware in my wrath they 
shall not enter into my rest.’ Heb. 3: 11. 

Q. Isthe Mediatorial office of Christ mentioned in the 
New Testament? 

A. It is; particularly in the following scriptures :— 

Rom. 8: 34.—It is Christ that died, yea, rather that is risen 
again, who is even at the right hand of God, who maketh in- 
tercession for us. 

Heb. 7: 25.—Wherefore he is able also to save to the ut- 
termost, them that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liv- 
eth to make intercession for them. 

Heb. 8: 6.—But now hath he obtained a more excellent 
ministry, by how much also he is the Mediator of a better. co- 
yenant, which was established upon better promises. 

Heb. 12: 24.——And to Jesus, the Mediator of the new co- 


CHRIST AS A PROPHET. 


67 


venant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better 


things than the blood of Abel. 


1 John 2: 1.—And if any man sin, we have an advocate 
with the Father, Jesus Christ, the righteous. 

1 Tim. 2: 5.—For there is one God, and one Mediator be- 
tween God and man, the man Christ Jesus. 


Cuap. 11th. 


Q. What are the offices which Christ, as Mediator of the _ 


new covenant, sustains in his “ spiritual house,”’ 


the church? 


or kingdom, 


A. That of Propuet, Priest, and Kina. 
Q. Are these offices of Christ exhibited typically in the 


Old Testament ? 


A. It is the great object and design of all revelation to 


testify of Christ, and to exhibit him as the Alpha and Omega 
of every communication which God has made to man. In the 
Old Testament, he is the substance of its shadows, and the 
fulfilment of its prophecies. There the “ Word”’ is “hid be- 
hind the letter,’’ and until He stands manifest, the letter is not 
understood. 

Q. How is Christ exhibited as a PropuEeT ? 

A. All those who, under the first dispensation, were spe- 
cially sent to declare the wili of God, and on whom the spirit of 
prophecy rested, are types of him, who “taught as never man 
taught.” The following passages have particular allusion to 
this character, while the corresponding ones from the New 


_ Testament, identify it with Christ :— 


PREDICTIONS. 

I will raise them up a pro- 
phet from among their bre- 
thren, like unto thee; and I 
will put my word in his mouth 
and he shall speak unto them 
all that I shall command him. 
Deut. 18: 18. 


FULFILMENT. 

Jesus, of Nazereth, a pro- 
phet mighty in word and deed 
before God and all the people. 
Luke 24: 19. 

And they were astonished 
at his doctrine ; for he taught 
them as one having authority 


CHRIST AS A PRIEST. 


He shall not fail nor be dis- 
couraged, till he have set 
judgment in the earth; and 
the isles shall wait for his law. 
Isa. 42: 4. 


And all thy children shall 
be taught of the Lord. Isa. 54: 
13. 
The spirit of the Lord God 
is upon me; for he hath 
anointed me to preach good 
tidings to the meek ; he hath 
sent me to bind up the broken- 
hearted ; to proclaim liberty 
to the captives ; and the open- 
ing of the prison to them that 
are bound; to proclaim, &c. 
Isa. 61: 1—4. 

He knoweth my down-sit- 
ting and my up-rising, and 
understandeth my thoughts 
afar off; thou compassest my 
path and my lying down, and 
art acquainted with all my 
ways. Ps. 139: 2, 3. 

I will open my mouth in a 
parable; I will utter dark 
sayings of old. Ps. 78: 2. 


Mark 


and not as the scribes. 
1: (22 

And many shall come from 
the east and from the west, 
and shall sit down with Abra- 
ham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the 


kingdom of heaven. Math. 8: 


11. 

Every man that hath heard 
and learned of the Father com- 
eth unto me. John 6: 40. 

And he began to say to 
them, this day is this scrip- 
ture fulfilled in your ears. 
Luke 4; 21. 


Come, see a man that told 
me all things that ever I did: 
is not this the Christ? John 
a). 


All these things spake Je- 
sus unto the multitude in pa- 
rables, and without a parable 
spake he not unto them. Mat. 
13; 34. 


Cuap. 12th. 


Q. How does Christ execute the office of a Prirst ? 
A. Itis the duty of a priest to offer sacrifices, and to offi- 


ciate in other services of the sanctuary. 


«“ And no man tak- 


THE ATONEMENT. - 69 


eth this honor unto himself, but he that is called of God, as 
was Aaron.” So of Christ it is said, “thou art a priest for- 
ever after the order of Melchisedec.” “ Called of God after 
the order of Melchisedec,” &c. Heb. 5: 6—10. 

Q. Whence appears the necessity of this office ; and what 
is the sacrifice which Christ presents ? 

A. The rectitude of the Divine government required that 
satisfaction should be made for the transgression of the law. 
Either man must suffer the full demerit of sin, or an adequate 
sacrifice must be rendered. Jesus Christ “ gave himself” to 
be this sacrifice; and by the oath of God, was constituted a 
priest or minister of the sanctuary, “which the Lord pitched, — 
and not man.” The nature of his priesthood is fully described 
in the seventh of Hebrews. 

Q. What are the types of the priesthood of Christ ? 

A. The Aaronic priesthood ; but particularly that of Mel- 
chisedec was of this character. Ps. 110: 4. 

Q. Is there any reference to the atonement, or sacrifice 
which he should make 2? 

A. The atonement was prefigured by all the sacrifices, 
from the time of Abel to the end of that dispensation. Among 
the most significant was the Passover; also, the yearly offer- 
ing of two goats. 

Q. In what respect was the Passover typical ? 

A. First, in the sacrifice—a “lamb without spot ;’ se- 
condly, in the sprinkling of the blood on the dwellings of Is- 
rael, by which they were preserved from the stroke of the de- 
stroying angel. The lamb was to be roasted whole; not a 
bone broken ; and it was to be eaten “with bitter herbs.’? 

Q. How did the yearly sin-offering relate to the atone- 
ment of Christ ? 

A. The sins of Israel were laid upon the head of the scape- 
goat, which bore them into the wilderness, not to return. So 
of Christ it is said, in reference to his true people, or antity pi- 
cal Israel, “ the Lord hath laid upon him the iniquity of us all ;” 
and “as far as the east is from the west, so far hath he re- 
moved our sins from us.”” The other goat was slain, and his 
blood carried by the priest, within the veil and sprinkled upon 
the mercy seat. So Christ has entered, with his own blood, 
‘into heaven itself, there to appear in the presence of God for 
us.”” Heb. 9: 24. 

7 


“J 


70 THE ATONEMENT. 


Q. Were there any other types of the atonement 2 

A. The offering up of Isaac. It is said of Abraham that, 
“he that had received the promises, offered up his only begot- 
ten son,” “ accounting that God was able to raise him up, even 
from the dead; from whence, also, he received him in a 
figure.” After being three days under the sentence of death, 
he was, by God’s command, set free. This transaction is also 
supposed to have taken place upon the very mountain on which 
the only begotten Son of God was actually offered up a sacri- 
fice for sin. 

The passage of the ark over Jordan is likewise figura- 
tive of the atonement. It was, by the direction of God, to 
stand in the midst of Jordan, till all Israel had passed over, 
and “ till every thing was finished that the Lord had command- 
ed Joshua.”’ So Christ continued in the suffering of death, in 
the midst of the billows of God’s wrath, till he had accomplish- 
ed the redemption of his spiritual Israel, and *“ finished the 
work” which his Father had “ given him to do.” From the 
place, where the feet of the priests who bore the ark stood in 
the midst of Jordan, were taken twelve stones, to be set up as 
a memorial of this event. So Christ chose the twelve apostles 
to be witnesses of his d ind resurrection. 


7 bf 
Uigieog 
R 


oe 


FULFILMENT. 
; eee 
ed It is written of the Son of 
‘OW and man that he must suffer many 
rrief, @&c. things, and be set at naught. 
rome’ Mark. 92°12. 
borne our They brought unto him ma- 
| our sor- ny that were possessed with 
ae oN devils; and he cast out the 
spirits with his word, and heal- 
by wae ues ed all that were sick; that it 
Aer ret might be fulfilled that was 
spoken by Esaias, the prophet, 
‘* Himself took our infirmities, 
and bare our sicknesses.’? 


Math. 8: 16, 17. 


THE 


ATONEMENT. 


i 


But he was wounded for our 


transgressions, &c. Isa. 53: 5. 


Wherefore art thou red in 
thine apparel, and thy gar- 
ments like him that treadeth 
in the wine-vat. Isa. 63: 2. 

I will ransom thee from the 


power of the grave. Hosea 
13; 14. 


My heart is sore pained 
within me, and the terrors of 
death are fallen upon me. 
Ps. 55: 4. 


They pierced my hands and ; 3. 


my feet. Ps. 22: 16. 


. s 
Awake, O! eng agai 


my shepherd, and against the ai: 


man that is my fellow, saith 
the Lord of Hosts; smite the 
shepherd, and the sheep shall 
Me scattered, &c. Zech. 13: 


Who was delivered for our 
offences, and was raised again 
for our justification. Rom. 4: 


Also, that Christ died for 
our sins according to the scrip- 
tures. 1 Cor. 15: 3. 

And he was clothed in a 
vesture dipped in blood. Rev. 
FO; 133; 


O! death, where is thy — 
sting? O}! 
thy victory ? 
God, which giveth us the vic- 


tory through our Lord Jesus 


Christ. 1 Cor. 15: 55—57. 

My soul is exceeding sor- 
rowful, even unto death: tar- 
ry. ip here and watch with 
Ma lack 14: 34. 


thy finger, and 
hands, and reach 
2) st it 


Besides these, there are many others, which have peel ae: 
ed under the “ Predictions of the Messiah.” 


rave, where is ~— 
Thanks be to — 


Y 
s 


Re 
WE whens Sie 
ria ‘3 


Sek 


72 CHRIST AS A KING. 


Cuap. 12th. 


Q. How does Christ execute the office of Kine 2 

A. He reigns as king in Zion by instituting ordinances 
and forming laws for the regulation of the militant church :— 
also, he says, “ All power is given unto me in heaven and in 
earth.” Math. 28: 18. 

Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be 
no end upon the throne of David and upon his kingdom, to or- 
der it and to establish it, &c. Isa. 9: 7. 

And the government shall be upon his shoulders. Isa. 9: 6. 

Q. What were the types of the kingly office of Christ? 

A. First. Melchisadeck; who was not “only priest of 
the most High God,” but, “by interpretation king of Right- 
eousness, and after that also king of Salem, which is, king of 
peace.” Heb. 7: 2. 

Second. David; who was chosen and anointed of God to 
be king over his people Israel. David conquered and built Je- 
rusalem the ‘holy city,” and established “the strong hold of 
Zion.”” He was victorious over all his enemies. To David, 
and through him, as a type, God revealed the covenant of grace 
in a more clear and definite manner than he had done to Abra- 
ham ; especially in regard to the kingly office of Christ. 

Third. Solomon; who was “ raised up’’ according to prom- 
ise ; In whose reign it was said “ the righteous should flourish ; 


and abundance of peace, so long as the moon endureth ;” who 
was appointed of God to build him a house, the precious mate- 


rials for which, were prepared by his father David. 


Ros pie COMPARED WITH THE ANTI<- 
TYPES. TYPE. 
David subdued Jerusalem. | Thy people shall be willing 
2 Sam. 5: 6. in the day of thy power. Ps. 


110: 3. 
And established the strong _I have set my king upon my 
hold of Zion. 2Sam.5: 7. holy hillof Zion. Ps. 2: 6. 
He was victorious ever all | Gird thy sword upon thy 
his enemies. thigh, Oh ! Most Mighty, with 


ae ‘a 


CHRIST AS A KING. 


I have made a covenant 
with my chosen, I have sworn 
unto David my servant, thy 
seed will I establish forever 
and build up thy throne to all 
generations. Ps. 89: 3, 4. 


hd 


73 


thy glory and thy majesty ride 
prosperously because of truth 
and meekness and righteous- 
ness, and thy right hand shall 
teach thee terrible things.— 
Thine arrows shall be sharp 
in the hearts of the king’s ene- 
mies, whereby the people fall 
under thee. Ps. 45: 3, 4, 5. 
According as he hath cho- 
sen us in him before the foun- 
dation of the world, that we 
should be holy and without 
blame before him in love; 
having predestinated us unto 
the adoption of children by 


_ Jesus Christ to himself, ac- 


And thy throne and thy 
kingdom shall be established 
forever before thee ; thy throne 
shall be established forever.— 
2 Sam. 7: 16. 

David reigned seven years 
over Judah, and thirty-three 
over all Israel at Jerusalem. 

I will set up thy seed after 
thee, &c. 2Sam.7: 12. 


He shall build me an house 
for my name, and I will estab- 
lish the throne of his kingdom — 
forever. 2Sam.7: 13. | 


ved 


cording to the good pleasure 
of his will. Eph. 1: 4, 5. 

Thy throne Oh! God, is 
forever and ever: the sceptre 
of thy kingdom isa right scep- 
tre. Ps. 45: 6. 


The dominion of Christ was 
first visibly exercised among 
his chosen people Israel. In 
the establishment of the gos- 
pel kingdom he spent 33 
upon earth. 

Therefore being a prophet 


ee 
s 


y oft 


> 
é raed 


ze 
years 


and knowing that God had 5 


sworn with an oath that of the 
fruit of his loins according to 
the flesh, he would raise up 
Christ to sit upon his throne, 
&c. Acts 2: 30. 

On this rock will I build my 
church, and the gates of hell 
shall not prevail againsf it.— 
Math. 16; 18. 


: 


~ 


al. 


And he had peace on all 
sides round about him, and Ju- 
dah and Israel] dwelt safely, 
every man under his own vine- 
yard and under his own fig- 
tree, &c. 1 Kings 4: 24, 25. 
Lift up your head ye gates, 
and be ye lift up ye everlasting 
doors and the King of Glory 
shall come in. Who is this 
King of Glory? the Lord 
strong and mighty, the Lord 
mighty in battle. Ps. 24: 7, 8. 
Behold a king shall reign in 
righteousness, &c. Isa. 32: 1. 


And the Lord shall reign 
over them in Mount Zion, from 
henceforth even forever.— 
Micah. 4: 7. 

Thy throne Oh! God is 
forever, and the sceptre of thy 
kingdom is a right sceptre, 
&c. Ps. 45: 6, 7. 


74 THE DESIGN OF 


a) 


g ll 

In whom ye are also build- 
ed together for an habitation 
of God through the spirit.— 
Eph. 2; 22. 

The whole of the 35th chap- 
ter of Isaiah: ten verses. 

And when he had spoker 
these words, while they yet 
beheld, he was taken up anda 
cloud received him out of their 


sight. Acts 1: 9. 


And the governor asked him 
saying art thou then the king 
of the Jews? And Jesus said 
unto him thou sayest. Math. 
yy pen 4 


But unto the son, he saith, 
“thy throne Oh! God,” &c. 
Heb. 1: 8. 


3 


Cuap. 14th. 


What appears from the New Testament to be the design of the 
obedience and death of Christ ? 


Rom. 3: 25._Whom God hath set forth to be a propitia- 
tion through faith in his blood to declare his righteousness for 


God. 


Eph. 1: 7.—In whom we 


blood, even the forgiv 
his grace. | 


Pei As 


Eph. 2: 13.—But now in Christ Je 
time afar off are made nigh by the bio 


the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of 
5 Ah er CA bt “2 2 


e redemption through his 
, according to the riches of 


ire Pgs 


: ye who were some- 


ae 
€ ya 


ty 


*~ 
Ve ‘ > 
r as = 
* ne DEATH OF GHRIST. 15 


a 2: 14. For he is our peace who hath made both one 


hath broken down the partition wall between us. 

Eph. 2: 15.—Having abolished in his flesh, the enmity, 
even he law of commandments contained in ordinkneens for to 
make in himself of twain one new man so making peace. 

Eph. 2: 16.—And that he might reconcile both unto God 
in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby. 

Col. 1: 20.—And having made peace by the blood of the 
cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him I 
say, whether they be things in earth or things in heaven. 

Heb. 9: 14.—How much more shall the blood of Christ, 
who through the eternal spirit offered himself without spot to 
God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the liv- 
ing God. 

; Ga]. 3: 13. Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the 
law, being made a curse for us: for itis written cursed is every 
one that hangeth on a tree. 

Rom. 14: 9. For this end Christ hath died, and rose again 
and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and the 
living. 

Math. 26: 28. For thisis my blood of the New Testament, 
which is shed for many for the remission of sins. 

John 3: 16. For God so loved the world that he gave his 
only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in him should not 
perish, but have everlasting life. 

Eph. 5: 25. Even so Christ also loved the church and 
gave himself for it. 

Heb. 9: 16. For where a testament is, there must also, of 


necessity be the death of the testator. 


Heb. 9: 26. But now once in the end of the world, hath 
he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. 

1 Pet. 3: 18. For Christ also, hath once suffered jor sins, 
the just for the unjust that he might bring us to God, being 
put to death, &c. 


1 Pet. 3: 24. Who his ownself bare our sins in his own 
body on the tree, that we, being 


e, being dead to sin, should live unto 
righteousness,— ripes 7 e healed. 
Rev. 1: 5. tn thin “ at I nt and washed us: fete 


as as cng * 
Roa ane 
Mh Oe oA , € 


at 


Ps 

a 
76: NATURAL CHARACTER OF MAN. 

PY i tS PI a 
Heb. 2:10. For it became him, for whom are all things, and by 

whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make 

the Captain of their salvation perfect through suffering. 

1 Cor. 5: 7. Christ our passover is slain for us. 

Heb. 10: 10. By the which will, we are sanctified through 
the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 

Heb. 10:.19, 20. Having therefore brethren, boldness to 
enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, by a new and liv- 
ing way which he hath consecrated for us through the veil, 
that is to say, his flesh, &c. 


Cuap. 14th. 
What do the Scriptures testify of the general character of man ? 


Gen. 6: 5.—And God saw that the wickedness of man was 
great in the earth ; and that every imagination of the thoughts 
of his heart was only evil continually. 

Ps. 5: 9.—For there is no faithfulness in their mouth ; their 
inward§part is very wickedness ; their throat is an open sepul- 
chre ; they flatter with their tongue. 

Ps. 14: 2.—The Lord looked down from heaven upon the 
children of men to see if there were any that did understand, 
that did seek God. They are all gone aside: they have toge- 
ther become filthy; there is none that doeth good; no, not 
one. 

Eccl. 7: 20.—For there is not a just man upon earth, that 
doeth good, and sinneth not. 

Jer. 17: 9.—The heart is deceitful above all things and des- 
perately wicked ; who can know it? 

Math. 15: 19.—For out of the heart proceedeth evil thoughts, 
murders, adulterics, fornications, and all manner of unclean- 
ness. 

Rom. 8: 7.—The carnal mind is enmity against God, for it 
is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. 

Job 15: 16.—How much more abominable and filthy is man, 
who drinketh iniquity like water. ns 

Micah 7: 2.—The good man is perished out of the earth 3. 

‘vand there is none upright among men. Ba 


WHO ARE THE RIGHTEOUS? TT 


John 3: 19.—And this is the condemnation, that light is 
come into the world, and men love darkness rather than light, 
becanse their deeds are evil. 

Eph. 4; 18, 19.—Having the understanding darkened, be- 
ing alienated from the life of God, through the ignorance that 
is in them, because of the blindness of their heart. Who being 
past feeling, have given themselves up unto unrighteousnéss, 
to work ali uncleanness with greediness. 


Cuap. 15th. 


If men are universally corrupt, who are the “ righteous” spoken 
of in Scripture ? 


A. The word righteous, as applied to men, has a two-fold 
signification. First, it implies all those who are constituted 
righteous by having the righteousness of Christ imputed to 
them, and received by faith. Second, it implies a righteous- 
hess inwrought by the agency of the Holy Spirit, by which 
those who are justified, are also qualified for the enjoyment 
and service of God. Though these two operations are invaria- 
bly united in the children of God; yet they are sometimes in- 
dividually represented in the language of Scripture, as in the 
following instances: 


QUALIFYING RIGHTEOUS- 
JUSTIFYING RIGHTEOUSNESS. NESS. 
Little children, let no man 
deceive you; he that doeth 
righteousness is righteous, 
even as he is righteous. John 
3; 7 


Surely shall one say, in the 
Lord have I righteousness and 
strength. Isa. 45; 24. 


This is the heritage of the 
servants of the Lord; and 
their righteousness is of me, 
saith the Lord. Isa. 54; 17. 


I will greatly rejoice in the 
Lord ; my soul shall be joyful 


Being filled with the fruits 
of righteousness, which are by 
Jesus Christ, unto the glory 
and praise of God. Phil. 1 
FROM: vie 

But in every nation, he that 


feareth God, .and worketh 


78 WHO ARE THE 
in my God ;. for he hath cloth- 
ed me with the garments of 
salvation ;-he hath covered me 
with the robe of righteousness, 
as a bride-groom decketh him- 
self with ornaments, and as a 


bride’ adorneth herself with | 


jewels. Isa. 61: 10. 

In his days shall Israel be 
saved, and Judah shall dwell 
safely, and this is the name 
wherewith he shall be called, 
the Lord our righteousness. 
Jer. 23:: 6. 

Even so David describeth 
the blessedness of him to whom 
the Lord. imputeth righteous- 


€. 


RIGHTEOUS ? 4% 


righteousness, is accepted of 


him. Acts 10: 35. 
The righteous 
hold on his way, and he that 
hath clean hands shall be 


stronger and stronger. Job 
16: 9.: 


For Job hath saith, I am 
righteous; and God hath taken 
away my judgment.Job 34: 5. 


The Lord rewarded me ac- 
cording to my righteousness, 


also. shall 


according to the cleanness of 
my hands, in his eye-sight. 
Ps. 18: 24. 


ness witheut work; saying, 
blessed are they whose iniqui- 


ties are forgiven, and whose 
sins are covered. Rom. 4: 6. 


Therefore, as by the offence 
of one, judgment came upon 
all men to condemnation, even 
so by the righteousness of one, 
the free gift came upon all 
men unto justification of life. 
Rom. 5: 18. 

For he hath, made him to be 
sin for us, who knew no sin, 
that we might be made the 
righteousness of God in him. 
2 Cor. 5: 21. 

For if righteousness come 
by the law, then Christ is dead 
in vain. Gal. 2: 21. 

And be found in him, not 

having on my own righteous- 
ness, which is of the law, but 


With the pure thou wilt 
show thyself pure, &c. Ps. 
18: 26.: 

Lord, who shall abide in 
thy tabernacle? who shall 
dwell in thy holy hill? He 
that walketh uprightly and 
worketh righteousness, and 
speaketh the truth to his 
neighbor. Ps. 15: 1, 2. 

Mark the perfect man, and 
behold the upright; for the 
end of that man is peace. 
Pe. 072 O8% 


Rejoice in the Lord, O! ye 
righteous ! for praise is come- 
ly for the upright. Ps. 33: 1. 


Then shall ye return and: 


descern between the righte~ 
ous and the wicked, between 


v PERSONAL MERIT. %9 


aaa a en a 


that which is through the faith 


-of Christ, the righteousness of 


God by faith. Phil. 3: 9. 
And Abraham believed God, 

and it was accounted to him 

for righteousness. Gen. 15: 6. 


>. 3 


- 


Declaring, I say, his right- 
eousness ; that he might be 
just, and the justifier of him 
a believeth in Jesus. Rom. 

: 26. ‘, 


him that serveth God and him 
that serveth him not. 


Light is sown for the right- 
eous, and gladness for the up- 
right in heart. Ps. 97. 

Now ye are clean through 
the word which I have spoken 
unto you. John 15: 3. 
except your righteous- 
ness exceed the righteousness 


of the scribes and pharisees,.. 


ye shall in no wise enter into 
the kingdom of heaven. Math. 
5: 29. 


Cuap. 16th. 


Does it appear from Scripture that those who are made parta- 
kers of the grace of God, are thus distinguished, on account of 


any personal merit 2 


Rom. 5: 8.—But God commendeth his love towards us, in 


that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. 


Rom. 5: 6.—For when we were 


time Christ died for the ungodly. 


yet without strength, in due 


Rom. 5: 10.—If when we were enemies, we were reconciled 
to God, by the death of his Son; much more, being reconciled, 
we shall be saved by his life. 

Rom. 5: 20.—But where sin abounded, grace did much 
more abound. 

Rom. 8: 8.—So, then, they that are in the flesh cannot 
please God. 

Rom. 9: 16.—So, then, it is not of him that willeth. nor of 
him that runneth, but of God who sheweth mercy. 

Rom. 11: 6.—And if by grace, then it is no more works, &c. 

1 Cor. 1: 27, 28.—But God hath chosen the foolish things 
of the world to confound the wise ; and God hath chosen the 
weak things of the world, to confound the things that are migh- 


. 


80 HOW ARE THE GUILTY JUSTIFIED / 


ty; and the base things of the world and things that are despis- 
ed, hath God chosen; yea, and things which are not, to bring 
to naught the things that are. 

Eph. 2: 1, 2, 3.—And you hath he quickened who were dead ~ 
in trespasses and sins; wherein, in time passed, ye walked 
according to the course of this world, according to the prince 
of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh 1 
children of disobedience, &c. es 

Mat. 9: 48. For I come not to call the righteo 
to repentance. , ee ee 

Math. 18: 11.—For the son of man is come 2 ‘that 
which is lost. Sang ’ 

Math. 21: 31.—Verily, I say unto you that. 
harlots shall enter the kingdom before you. 


Cuap. 17th. 


To what agency is the effectual calling, and personal justifica- 
tion of sinners, attributed 2 


Jer. 31: 34.—Thus saith the Lord, I will put my law in their 
inward parts, and write it in their hearts ; and I will be their 
God, and they shall be my people. ‘They shall know me from 
the least of them to the greatest of them; for I will forgive 
their iniquity and remember their sin no more. 

Hosea 13: 9.—Oh, Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself; but 
in me is thy help. 

Jonah 2: 9.—Salvation is of the Lord. 

John 10: 28, 29.—And I give unto them eternal life; and 
they shall never perish; neither shall any pluck them out 
of my hand. My Father which gave them me, is greater than 
all; and none is able to pluck them out of my Father’s 
hand. 

Acts 4: 12—Neither is there salvation in any other, &c. 

Eph. 1: 3—7: 9.—Blessed be the God and Father of our 
Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual bless- 
ings in heavenly places in Christ; according as he hath 
chosen us in him, before the foundation of the world, &c. 

Eph. 2: 4—11.—But God, who is rich in mercy, for his 


OFFICE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. 81 
rt eb RR RS aR on een cman = oreinanaat all 
great love wherewith he loved us, even when we were dead in 


sins, hath quickened us together with Christ ; by grace ye are 
saved, &c. 


in 


and | 
es 2: 13.—But we are bound to give thanks always to 
we brethren, beloved of the Lord, because God hath 
u | to salvation, through sanctification of the spirit and 


Acre 
H 


—Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus 


1 to a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ 
‘on dead, &c. 

John 15: 16.—Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen 
you, and ordained you that ye should go and bring forth much 
fruit, &c. 

Jude 1.—To them that are sanctified by God the Father, 
and preserved in Christ Jesus, and called, 

2 Tim. 1: 9.—Who hath saved us, and called us with an 
holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his 
Own purpose and grace, which was given in Christ Jesus be- 
fore the world began. 


oe 


4 x 


Cuap. 18th. ‘ 
What is the peculiar office of the Holy Spirit? 


John 14: 16, 17.—And I will pray the Father, and he shall 
give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you forever; 
even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, be- 
cause it seeth him not, neither knoweth him ; but ye know 
him, for he dwelleth with you and shall be in you. 

John —: 26.—But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, 
whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all 
things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever 
7 have said to you. z 


according to his abundant mercies, hath begot- 


82 REGENERATION. 
ene eo a bh ee Se 

John 15: 26.—But when the Comforter is come, whom [| 
will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, 
which proceedeth from the Father, he shal] testify of me. 

John 16: 7.—Nevertheless, I tell you the truth ; it is expedi- 
ent for you that I go away ; for if I go not away, the Com- 
forter will not come to you; but if I depart, I will send him to 
you; and when he is come he shall reprove the world of sin, 
of righteousness, and of judgment. er 

John —: 13.—Howbeit, when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, — 
he will guide you into all truth ; for he shall not speak of him- 
sef; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak ; and he 
will shew you things to come. 7 

Rom. 8: 16.—The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spi- - 
rit that we are the children of God. xe epee 

Eph. 1: 12.—Sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise. 

1 John 5: 7, 8.--For there are three that bear record in 
heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, and these 
three are one; and there are three that bear witness in earth, 
the spirit, and the water, and the blood, and these three agree 
in one. 


Cuap. 19th. 


What is the nature of that change which is necessary to qualt y 
a person for the kingdom of heaven, and which is denominated 
by Christ being “ born again?” 


2 Cor. 5: 17. If any man be in Christ, he is a new crea- 
ture; old things are passed away, and behold, all things are 
become new. 

Col. 3: 9,10. Seeing that ye have put off the old man, 
with his deeds ; and have put on the new man, which is renew- 
ed in knowledge, after the image of him that created him. 

Titus 2: 12. Teaching us, that, denying ungodliness and 
worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in 
this present evil world. 

Eph. 5: 8. For ye were some time darkness, but now are 
ye light in the Lord. 

1 Cor. 6; 11. And such were some of you; but ye are 


REGENERATION. 83 


washed ; but ye are sanctified ; but ye are justified in the name 
of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God. 

Rom. 6: 11. Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead 
ee unto sin; but alive unto God, through Jesus Christ our 

ord. 

Rom. 6: 17,18. Ye were the servants of sin, but ye have 
obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine which was deliver- 
ed you. Being then made free from sin, ye become the ser- 
vants of righteousness. 

Rom. 8: 10. And if Christ be in you, the body is dead be- 
cause of sin; but the spirit is life, because of righteousness. 

Eph. 2: 1. And you hath he quickeued who were dead in 
trespasses and sins. 


Eph. 4: 22,24. That ye put off, concerning the former : 


convertion, the old man, which is corrupt, according to the 
deceitful lusts; and be renewed in the spirit of your mind; 
and that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in 
righteousness and true holiness. 

Co!. 2: 13. And you being dead in your sins, and the un- 
circumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened, together with 
him ; having forgiven you all trespasses. 


Cuap. 20th. 


a 
How is that change denominated being “ born again,” to be 
proved or made manifest ? 


Math. 7: 20. Wherefore, by their fruits ye shall know 
them. 

Math. 13: 23. But he that received seed into the good 
ground, is he that heareth the word and understandeth it ; 
which also beareth fruit, and bringeth forth, some an hundred 
fold, some sixty, some thirty. 

Math. 26: 34—41. Then shall the King say to them on his 
right hand, come ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom 
prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was 
an hungered, and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave 
me drink ; I was a stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye 


84 REGENERATION. 


clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, 
and ye came unto me. &ec. 

Mark 9: 35. For whosoever shail do the will of God, he is 
my brother, and my sister, and my mother. 

Luke 6; 45. A good man out of the good treasures of his 
heart bringeth forth that which is good. 

John 3: 21. He that doeth truth, cometh to the light, that 
his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God. 

John 8; 47. He that is of God, heareth God’s words; ye, &c. 

John 12; 26. Ifany man serve me, let him follow me. 

John 14; 15. If ye love me, keep my commandments. 

John 14: 21. He that hath my commandments, and keep- 
eth them, he it is that loveth me 

John 14: 23. Ifa man love me, 

John 15; 14. Ye are my friends 
mand you. — a 78 

2 Cor. 6: 17. Wherefor 


ye do whe..sever Icom- | 


* 


"Tiga ie i 
fr Ok anaes them, and 


be ye separate, saith the h not the unciean thing; 
and L.will receive you. 2 agg aeeer ms < 25 . 
Gal. 5: 26. If we live in the spirit, let us also walk in the 


spirit. ‘ 
cae 3: 1. If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things 
which are above, where Christ sitteth at the right hand of 
God. 
Col. 3: 8. But now ye also put off all these ; anger, wrath, 
malice, blasphemy, filthy communications, out of your mouth. 
Col. 8: 17. And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all 
in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the 
ather by him. 
Col. 4: 5. Walk in wisdom toward those that are without, 
eeming the time. 
ol. 4: 6. Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned 
with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every 


man. 

1 John 3: 10. In this the children of God are manifest, and 
the children of the devil ; whosoever doeth not righteousness, 
is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother. | 

1 John 3: 14. We know that we have passed from death 
unto life, because we love the brethren. ’ 

1 John 3: 19. My little children, let us not love in word, 
neither in tongue ; but in deed and in truth ; and hereby shal! 


SECURITY OF THE RIGHTEOUS. 85 


we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our hearts 
before him. 

1 John 4: 18.—Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and 
he in us; because he hath given us of his spirit. 

1 John 5: 4.—For whatsoever is born of God, overcometh 
the world, &c. 

1John —: 18. We know that whatsoever is born of God, 
sinneth not. 

1 John 15: 19.—But I have chosen you out of the world, 
therefore the world hateth you. 

1 John 13: 35.—By this shall all men know that ye are my 
disciples, if ye have love one to another. 

Titus 3: 3. For we ourselves were sometimes foolish, dis- _ 
obedient, deceived serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in 
malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another. 

- Titus 4. But after that the kindness of God our Saviour 
towards man appeared, ss” ; 

Titus 5. Not by works of righteousness which we had done, 
but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of rege- 
neration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost. 


Cuap. 2lst. 


What security do the Scriptures afford to those, who have been 


renewed by the Spirit of God, that they will not finally 
perish ? 


John 10: 28. I give unto them eternal life; and they shall 
never perish, neither shall any pluck them out of my hand. 
My Father which gave them to me is greater than all: none 
is able to pluck them out of my Father’s hand. os 

Rom. 8: 38, 39. For Iam persuaded, that neither death, 
nor life; nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things 

~ present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any 
other creature shall be able to separate us from the love of God, 
which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. 

1 Cor. 15: 57. But thanks be to God which giveth us the 
victory, through our Lord Jesus Christ. 

John 14: 3. And if I goand prepare a place for you, I will 
come again and receive you unto myself; that where I am, 
there ye may be also. 

8 


86 SECURITY OF THE RIGHTEOUS’ 
eee a Sng ssn nIDS EES enn nnn 
e 

John 17: 11. Holy Father keep through thine own name 
those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one as we 
are. 

John 17: 24. Father, I will that they also whom thou hast 
given me, be with me where [ am, that they may behold my 
glory, which thou hast given me. 2 

Rom. 5: 9. Much more then being now justified by his 
blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him. 

Rom. 8: 17, if so be that we have suffered with him, that 
we may also be glorified together. . 

Rom. —. 33. Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God’s 
elect? It is God who justifieth. 

2 Cor. 5: 1. For we know that if our earthly house of this 
Tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, 8 
house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 

Eph. 1: 18, 14: in whom also after that ye believed, ye 
were sealed, with the holy spirit of promise, which is the earn- 
est of our inheritance, until the redemption of the purchased 
possession, unto the praise of his glory. 

Phil. 1: 6. Being confident of this very thing, that he that - 
hath begun a good work in you, will perform it until the day of 
Jesus Christ. 

Col. 3: 4. When Christ who is our life shall appear, then 
shall ye also appear with him in glory. par 

Col. — 24. Knowing that of the Lord, ye shall rasainaiane 
reward of the inheritance :—&c. 

2 Thess. 3:3. But the Lord is faithful, who, shall establish 
you and keep you from evil. 

2 Tim. 3: 8. Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of 
righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge shall give 
me in that day: and not to me only, but to all those that love 
his appearing. 

Titus 3: 7. That being justified by his grace, we should be 
made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. 

Heb. 12: 2. Looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher 
of our faith, &c. 

1 Pet. 1: 5. Who are kept by the power of God through 
faith unto salvation, ready to be revealed in the last time. 

1 John 3: 2. Beloved, now are we the Sons of God, and 
it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that 
when he shall appear, we shall be like him ; for we shall see 
him as he is. 


Fa a 


THE GOSPEL COMMANDS REPENTANCE. 87 

PO ne ER TC Een es RO Ts are 

Jude 26. Now unto him, who is able to keep you from fall- 

ing, and to present you faultless before the presence of his 
ory with exceeding joy, &c. 


Cuap. 22d. 


Under what new obligation does the dispensation of the Gospel. 
place mankind ? | 


Mark 1; 15. The time is fulfilled; the kingdom of God is 
at hand ; repent ye, and believe the Gospel. Wee 
Luke 18:3. Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. 

Acts 13:19. Repent ye therefore and be converted, that 
your sins may be blotted out, &c. 

Acts 17: 30. And the times of this ignorance, God winked 
at.; but now commandeth all men every where to repent. 

Acts 26: 20. But shewed first unto them of Damascus, an 
at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judea) and then 
to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and 
do works mete for repentance. 

Acts 20: 21. Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the 
Greeks, repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord 
~ Jesus Christ. ; 

Luke 24: 47. And that repentance and remission of sins, 
beipieached in his name, among all nations, begining at Jeru- 
salem. 

Mark 16: 16. He that believeth not, shall be damned. 

John 3: 18. He that believeth not, is condemned 
already. 

John 36. He that believeth not, shall not see life. 

1 John 5: 10. He that believeth not God, hath made him a 
liar, because he believeth not the record that God hath given 
of his Son. 

John 8: 24. For if ye believe not that Iam he, ye shall 
die in your sins. 

John 15: 22. IfIhad not come and spoken unto them, they 
had not had sin, but now they have no cloak for their sin. 


Fe 


88 THE RESURRECTION. 


Cuap. 234d. 
What do the Scriptures testify of the resurrection of the body ? 


Job 18: 26. And though after my skin worms destroy this 
body, yet in my flesh shall I see God. 

Isa. 26:19. Thy dead men shall live, together with my 
dead body shall they rise. Awake and sing ye that dwell. in 
dust, for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall 
cast out the dead. 

Math. 22: 31. Have ye not read that which was spoken 
unto you by God, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the 
God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the God of the 
dead, but of the living. 

John 5: 28, 29. For the hour is coming, in the which all 
that are in the graves, shall hear his voice and come forth; 
they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life: and 
they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation. 

John 11; 25. I am the resurrection and the life; he that 
believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live. 

Acts 24: 15. And have hope toward God, which they them- 
selves also allow, that there shall be a resurrection of the dead 
both of the just and the unjust. 

Rom. 8:11. But if the spirit that raised up Jesus from the dead 
dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead, shall also 
quicken your mortal bodies, by his spirit that dwelleth in you. 

1 Cor. 15: 20. But now is Christ risen from the dead, and 
become the first fruits of them that slept: for since by man 
came death, by man came also the resurrection from the dead. 

1Cor. 29. Else what shall they do, which are baptized 
for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? Why are we then 
baptized for the dead? 

1 Cor. 52. Ina moment, in the twinkling of an eye at 
the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall 
be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. 

Phil. 8; 21. Who shall change our vile body, that it may 
be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the work- 
ing whereby he is able, even to subdue all things unto himself. 


THE JUDGMENT. 89 
Leen ee eee eee en ee ee a see en nn ia) Risen RRR 

1 Thess. 4: 14. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose 
again, even so, them also that sleep in Jesus, will God bring 
with him. 

1 Thess. 16. For the Lord himself shall descend from 
heaven with a shout, with a voice of the archangel, and with 
the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first. 

2 Tim. 2: 18. Who, concerning the truth have erred, say- 
ing that the resurrection is passed already ; and overthrow the 
faith of some. 

Rev. 20: 5. But the rest of the dead lived not, until the 
thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. 


Cuap. 24th. 


Do the Scriptures afford any proof of a future day of general 
retribution ? oe Sets 

Math. 35: 31,32. When the Son of Man shall come in 
his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit 
upon the throne of his glory; and before him shall be gather- 
ed all nations, and he shall separate them one from another, as 
a shepherd divideth the sheep from the goats: and he shall set 
the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. 

2. Cor. 5: 10. For we must all appear before the judgment 
seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in 
his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good 
or evil. 

2 Pet. 3:10. But the day of the Lord shall come as a thief 
in the night ; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a 
great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat: the 
earth also, and the works that are therein shall be burned up. 

Rev. 20: 12, 18. And I saw the dead both small and great, 
stand before God ; and the books, were opened, and another 
book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were 
judged out of those things which were written in the books ac- 
cording to their works. And the sea gave up the dead which 
were init: and death and hell delivered up the dead which 
were in them: and they were judged every man according to 
his works, 


90 


THE FUTURE STATE. 


57: SRR eeepeere mee en nk a ee ee ee 


Acts 18: 31. 


unto all men, 


ment seat of Christ. 


Because he hath appointed a day, in the 
which he will judge the world in righteousness, 
whom he hath ordained: whereof he hath 


by that man 
given assurance 


in that he hath raised him from the dead. 
Rom. 14: 10, 11, 12. For we shall stand before 


the judg- 


For it is written, as I live saith the Lord, 


every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue confess to God. 
So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God. 
Heb. 9: 27. Asit is appointed unto men once to die, but 


after this the judgment. 
Eccl. 11: 9, 
call thee into judgment. 


: but know that for all these things, God will 


Eccl. 12: 14. For God will bring every work into judg- 


ment, and every secret thing, 
it be evil. 


whether it be good, or whether 


Cap. 


25th. 


The eternal condition of the Rightecus and the Wicked. 


And they shall gather out of 
his kingdom, all things that 
offend, and those which do in- 
iquity ; and shall cast them 
into a furnace of fire, where 
shall be weeping and gnash- 
ing of teeth. Math. 13: 41, 42. 

Then shall he say also to 

_them on his left hand, depart 
_ from me ye cursed into ever- 
_ lasting fire, prepared for the 
devil, and his angels. Math. 
25, 41 


“/And these shall go away 
into everlasting punishment.— 
46. 

And cast ye the unprofitable 
seryant into utter darkness ; 


Then shall the righteous 
shine forth like the son in the 
kingdom of their Father.— 
Math. 18; 41, 43. 


sf 


Then shall the King say to 
them on the right hand, come 
ye blessed of my Father, inhe- 
rit the kingdom prepared for 
you from the foundation of the 
world. Math. 25: 34. 

But the righteous into life 
eternal. 


For I reckon that the suf- 
ferings of the present time are 


THE FUTURE STATE. 7 “Oe 


there shall be weeping and 
gnashing of teeth. 
Math. 25. 30. 

Remember that thou in thy 
life time receivedst thy good 
things, and likewise Lazarus 
evil things: but now he is 
comforted, and thou art tor- 
mented. Luke 16; 25. 

He shall be revealed from 
heaven in flaming fire, taking 
vengeance on them that know 
not God, and that obey not the 
Gospel of our Lord Jesus 
Christ. 

Who shall be punished with 
everlasting destruction from 
the presence of the Lord, and 
the Glory of his power.— 
2 Thess. 1: 7, 8,9. 

That they all might. be 
damned, that believe not the 
truth, but had pleasure in un- 
righteousness. 2 Thess. 2:12. 


And reserve the unjust unto 
the day of judgment to be 
punished. 2 Pet. 2: 9. 

Are set forth for an example 
suffering the vengeance of 
eternal fire. Jude 17. 

To whom is reserved the 
blackness of darkness forever. 
Jude 13. 

But that which beareth bri- 
ars, and thorns is rejected, 
and is nigh unto cursing; 
whose end is to be burned. 
Heb. 6: 7. 

: yea, also the heart of the 
sons of man is full of evil, and 
madness is in their heart 


x 


not to be compared with the 
glory which shall be revealed 
inus. Rom. 8: 18. 

For our light affliction which 
is but for a moment, worketh 
for us a far more exceeding 
and eternal weight of glory.— 
2 Cor. 4: 18. 


Then we which are alive 
and remain shall be caught up 
together with them in the 


clouds, to meet the Lord in the — 


air: and so shall we ever be 
with the Lord. 1 Thess. 4: 17. 

He died for us that whether 
we wake or sleep, we should 
live together with him.— 
1 Thess. 5: 10. 


For so an entrance shall be 
administered unto you abun- 
dant, into the everlasting king- 
dom of our Lord Jesus Christ. 
SPet. 12 8k 

The Lord knoweth how to 
deliver the godly out of temp- 
tation. 2 Pet. 2: 9. 

To an inheritance incorrup- 
table and undefiled, reserved 
in heaven for you. 1 Pet. 1: 4. 

Ye shall receive a crown of 


glory that fadeth not away.— 


1 Pet. 5: 4. 
Henceforth there is laid up 
for me a crown of rightcous- 
ness, which the Lord the right- 
eous judge shall give me at 
that day. 2 Tim. 4: 2. 
Beloved, now are we the 
Sons of God, and it doth not 
yet appear what we shall be 


: ‘7 
ah 
t. ae 
, Pera ‘ 
3.0°% », - ‘METAPHORS. é 
while they,livey and after that but we know that when he 
goto the dead. Eccl.9.3. shall appear, we shall be like 
Pho him; for we shall see him as 
. ae, he is. 1 John 3; 2. 


Views 


Omar. 26th. 


Some of the most prominent mataphors used in Scripture, ex- 
plained. 


As the eagle stirreth up 
her nest; fluttereth over her 
young ; spreadeth abroad her 
wings, taketh them; beareth 
them on her wings, so the 
Lord alone did lead him; &c. 


‘« 


Who. satisfieth thy mouth 
with good things so that thy 
youth is renewed like the 
eagle’s. Ps. 103; 3. 


It is said by naturalists, that 
when the parent eagle wishes 
to teach her young to fly, she 
first destroys, or “stirs up” 
her nest ; and when the last 
twig is giving way, she dex- 
trously spreads abroad her 
wings, to receive the affright- 
ed birds, upon which she bears 
them through the air. This 
figure strikingly illustrates the 
Lord’s dealings with his peo- 
ple. To reduce them to the 
necessity of trusting alone in 
himself, he destroys their 
refuges of lies, disturbs their 
carnal securing, and, when, in 
their own apprehension, they 
are just about to sink into ruin, 
he places underneath them 
the everlasting arms of mercy, 


- lifts them above the fear of dan- 


ger,and bears them through the 
trials and temptations of the 
world, to the mansions of rest. 

The eagle, like other birds 
of prey, sheds its feathers in 
the spring. He afierwards 
appears to have imbibed the 


a 
a . mapaPnors. oof 98 


he Sea 


Wheresoever the carcase is, 
there shall the eagles be ga- 
thered together. Math. 24: 28. 


Mherevdhall he ahandsit ok 


corn upon the top ofthe moun. | 


tains; the fruit thereof shall 
shake like Lebanon ; and they 
of the city shall flourish like 
grass of the earth. Ps. 72: 16. 


Tras he 


freshness and vigour of youth. 
_ Wherever the Jews were 
to found, there would they be 
pursued by the Romans, whose 
standard was an eagle. 

The preaching of the gos- 
pel by the 12 Apostles, — is 
here represented by a handful 


of corn. oa the top ofthe moun- 
tains. 


The -converts, moved 
by the spirit, and brought 
through thejr ministry to the 
knowledge of the truth, should - 

be like the forests of Lebanon, 


_ when its tall cedars. were 


My well beloved. hath a 
vineyard in a very fruitful hill : 
and he fenced it, and gather- 
ed out the stones thereof, and 
planted it with the choicest 
vine, and built a tower in the 
midst of it, and also made a 
wine-press therein: and. he 
looked that it should bring 
forth grapes, and it brought 
forth wild grapes.—Isaiah 5: 
Bae; ced : . 


I will take away the hedge 
thereof, and it shall be eaten 
up ; and break down the wall 
thoreof, and it shall be trodden 
down. J willlay it waste; it 
shall not be pruned nor dig. 
ged: &c. , ‘ 


owed by the wind. Those 
who thus became fellow citi- 
zens with the saints, should 
be watered with the dews of 
divine grace, and made to flou- 
rish lhke grass. Shapes 

The people of Israel werea 
chosen generation, separated 
from the other nations of the 
earth, walled round by covenant . 
promise, and by the special 
providence of God. In the 
midst for strength and de- 
fence, was the strong hold 
of Zion: and multiplied privile- 
ges, “line upon line,” precept 
upon precept,” called for suit-_ 
able returns of obedience. But 
the vineyard “brought forth 
wild grapes.’ Therefore 
would the Lord reject them 
from being his people ; remove 


his special favor; annul his 


covenant, and bring upon them 
utter. desolation.—T hese _pri- 
vileges should be transferred to 


94 


METAPHORS. 


es" 


And they shall pass through 
it, hardly bestead and hungry - 
And it shall come to pass, that 
when they shall be hungry 
they shall fret themselves, and 
curse their God and their king 
and look upwards.—lIsa. 8: 21. 


Moreover the light of the 
moon shal) be as the light of 
the sun, and the light of the 
sun shall be sevenfold as the 
light of seven days, &c.— 
Isa. 30: 26. 


a people, ‘* who would bring 


forth the fruit thereof !’’ 

The Jews perverted the dis- 
pensation under which they 
were placed, by misapprehend- 
ing its design. ‘They expect- 
ed to merit salvation by their 
obedience to the law; and 
seeking to derive life from that 
which ministered nothing but 


‘death, they passed through the 


dispensation “hardly bestead 
and hungry.” In this state of 
blindness and destitution, they 
are represented as cursing or 
rejecting their true God and 
king, while they continue to 
look upward, vainly expecting 
the Messiah, whom their fath- 
ers have crucified. 

The Old Testament dispen- 
sation is compared to the moon, 
because the only light by 
which its nature is properly 
discovered or understood, is 
reflected from the gospel, 
which, like the sun in the na- 
tural world, brings to light the 
secret things of God, which 
have been hid from the foun- 
dation of the world. The 
Gospel casts light upon the sha- 
dowy dispensation, and make 
it plainly appear that each ~ 
when properly understood, 
preach the same great truth. 
The light of the sun, or the 
gospel, unites or concentrates 
all theinferiorluminaries which 
had ever proceeded, and thus 
is as the light of seven days. 


Et fl 
Aen, 


METAPHORS. 


95 


Then shalt thou say in thy 
heart, who hath begotten me 
then, seeing I have lost my 
children and am desolate, and 
a captive and removing to and 
fro? and who hath brought up 


these? Behold I was left 
alone; these, where had they 
been? Isa. 49: 21. 


Sing, O barren, thou that 
didst not bear; break forth 
into singing. and cry aloud, 
thou that didst not travail with 
child: far more are the child- 
ren of fhe desolate than the 
children of the married wife, 
saith the Lord. Isa. 54; 1. 

The sun shall no more be 
thy light by day: neither for 
brightness shall the moon give 
light unto thee: but the Lord 
shall be unto thee an everlast- 
ing light, and the days of thy 
mourning shall be ended. Isa. 
60: 19. 

The Lord called thy name, 
a green olive tree, fair and of 
goodly fruit : with the noise of 
a great tumult hath he kindled 
fire upon it and the branches of 
it are broken. _ Jer. 11: 16. 


Behold the Assyrian was a 
Cedar in Lebanon, with fair 
branches, and with a shadow- 
ing shroud, and of an high 


The church is here repre- 
sented as mourning the great 
loss of children, which she 
sustained when the Jews were 
rejected from being the pecu- 
lar people of God; she iike- 
wise expresses astonishment 


-at the unexpected accession 


of Gentile converts. 
The Gospel church is here 
called upon to rejoice in her 


prosperity, being assured that —__ 
her converts should far exceed» > 


in numberthe children of the ~ 
married wife, or the Jewish 
nation. 


The future glory of the 
church in heaven ; when there 
would be no more need of the 
light of the sun nor of the 
moon, but the Lord God and 
the Lamb shall be the light 
thereof. 


The olive tree is an ever- 
green; not beautiful to the 
eye but valuable for its fruit, it 
is very tenacious of life; is 
cultivated from the seed; and 
may be ingrafted. The Jews 
and Gentiles are distinguished 
as the “ good olive,” and the 
“ wild olive.”?. The Lord here 
threatens to destroy the bran- 
ches of the good olive, for 
their unfruitfulness. 

The power and dominion of 
antichrist is here represented. 
The “ Man of sin presents 
the most imposing form and 


96 


JEWISH CUSTOMS. 


1 NAIRQ RN Nai Ie ele to Me eel RW Re A PSO SN RP SE et a oa 


station; and his top was a- 
mong the thick boughs, &c., 
to the 16 verse, from the 2d of 
the 3lst chapter of Ezk. 


the loftiest pretensions; and 
for many years enjoyed the 
most extensive dominion. The 
trees in the garden of God, 
(humble and sincere believers) 
cannot compare with him in 


the pomp and parade of reli- 


gion. The “ fowls of heaven,”’ 
or those who watch to devour 
the “ good seed,” and prevent 
its fruitfulness, are lodged in 
his branches,—or~ supported 
by his countenance and autho- 
rity. The beasts of the field, 
or those monstruus dogmas, 
and bloody projects of exter- 
mination, which have been ar- 
rayed against the Christian 
faith, were brought forth under 
the ‘“ shadowing shroud” of 
this lofty cedar, while all great 
nations bowed to his authori- 


ty. 


CHAP. 


20. 


JEWISH cusToMs; Dress. 


The king’s daughter is all 
glorious within : her clothing 
is of wrought gold. She shall 
be brought to the king in rai- 
ment of needle work. Ps. 45: 
13, 14. 

Also he said, bring the evil 
that thou hast upon thee and 
hold it. And when she held it 
he measured six measures of 
meal, &2. Ruth 3: 15. 


Daughters of kings wore 
vests, or garments richly em- 
broidered with needle work. 


The upper garment or hyke 
is six yards long and five or 
six feet wide. It serves for 
their dress by day, and for co- 


JEWISH 


CUSTOMS. 97 


And the people took their 


dough before it was leavened, 


their needihg troughs being 
bound up in their clothes upon 
their shoulders. Ex. 12: 34. 


£ 


They make broad their phy- 
lactories, and enlarge the bor- 
il of their garments. Math. 

: 5. 


She maketh fine linen and 
selleth it, and delivereth gir- 
dles unto the merchants. Proy. 
31: 24. 

Does not even nature itself 
teach you that if a man have 
long hair, it is a shame unto 
him? but if a woman have 
long hair it is a glory unto her 
for her hair is given to her for 
a covering. 1 Cor. 11: 14, 15. 

Wherefore Hanan took Da- 
vids’ servants and shaved off 
the one half of their beards, 
&c. 2Sam. 10: 4. 

And when I heard this thing 
I rent my garment and my 
mantle and plucked of the 
hair of my head and of my 
beard, and set down astonish- 
ed. Ezra 9: 3. 

And he said draw not nigh 
hither; put off the shoes from 
off thy feet, for the place 


vering by night. When call- 
ed to active duty it was gird- 
ed up, whence the expression 
‘shaving our loins girded.” 
The burnoose is a sort of 
cloak worn over the hyke. 
Under the hyke is worn a close 
frock or tunic. When employ- 
ed, these outer garments are 
thrown off and the tunic only 
worn. : 

The Jews wrote passages 


from the law, upon strips of . — 


parchment, called: phylacto- 
ries, and fastened them on 


- their garrnents or round their 


The girdles were of 


wrists. 
worsted, sometimes richly 
wrought. 


The men always wore their 
hair short, except in the case 
of some who were effeminate, 
as Absalom.—The women in 
addition to long hair wore veils 
wrapped close about the face. 


They wore their beards long, 
and even go so far as to think 
a man cannot act honestly who 
has not a long beard. 

Cutting off the beard or 
wearing it in a disorderly man- 
ner was a mark of sorrow. 


The ancients wore sandals, 
which resembles a sole of a 
shoe tied on the foot by a 
Q* 


98 


MODE OF VISITING. 


BE See ek atv he Sat: ADE UR DSS ena SSO as 


whereon thou standest is holy 
ground. Ex. 3: 5. 


Let a little water, I pray 
you be fetched and wash your 


feet, and rest yourselves, &c. 


Gen. 18: 4. 


Jacob rent his clothes, and 
put sackcloth upon his loins, 
and mourned for his son many 
days. Gen. 37: 34. 


band. This was pulled of on 
entering a holy place, or on 
coming into the presence of a 
great personage. 

The feet became very un- 
comfortable, from walking in 
the mud and dust, and it was 
thence a practice, when @ 
guest arrived, for servants to 
bring water and wash his feet. 

The Jews wore hair cloth 
and sackcloth, when mourning 
for the dead, or in any trouble. 


Mode of Visiting. 


«© Then Saul said to his ser- 
vants, what shall we bring the 
man? For the bread is spent 
in our vessels, and there is not 
a present to bring the man of 
God: What have we?”—Also 
the Queen of Sheba, Abagail, 
Naaman the Syrian, &c.— 

And love the uppermost 
yooms in the feasts, and the 
chief seats in the synagogues. 
Math. 238: 6. 


And he departed and took 
with him ten talents of silver, 
and six thousand pieces of 
gold, and ten changes of rai- 
ment. 2 Kings 5: 9. 

And he saith unto him, 
friend, how camest thou in 
hither, not having on a wed- 


ding garment 2 


Among eastern nations it is 
usual to bring some present, 
when visiting. an important 
personage. Poor persons rath- 
er than appear wanting in re- 
spect, bring flowers, fruits or 
some such trifle. 


Great attention is paid to 
the placing of guests at a feast, 
&c. They are always seated 
according to their rank and 
importance. 

It was usual to present 
Ambassadors. or persons of 
rank, with changes of raiment, 
which were kept ready for 
that purpose, and they were 
required to wear them over 
their own clothes when ap- 
pearing in presence of the 
king, &c. 


DIVISION 


To him that overcometh, 


will I give a white stone, and 
in the stone a new name writ- 
ten which no man knoweth 
save he that receivethit. Rev. 
pala ye 


OF TIME. 99 


When a person had once 
been received as a guest he 
was always expected to call 
again, whenever he came that 
way, and they used to receive 
some token by which they could 
be recognized. It was usually 
a piece of lead, or stone, which 
was divided, one piece being. 
kept by each party, and pro- 
duced when they met. Some- 
times the name was. written 
upon it. oe. 


Division of Time. 


And when he went out 
about the third hour,. &c.— 
Math. 20: 3._ 


And when they came that 
were hired about the eleventh 
hour, &c. Math. 20: 9. 

Watch ye therefore for ye 
know not when the master 
cometh, at even, at midnight, 
at cock-crowing, or in the 
morning. Mark 13: 35. 


And it came to pass that 
in the morning watch, &c.— 
Ex. 14: 24. 


The ancients had no clocks 
or watches. The first men- 
tion of hours is by Daniel in 
Babylon. . The day was divid- 
ed into four parts, and sun 
dials were used to mark these 
divisions. When hours were 
used, they were reckoned from 
six in the morning, to six m 
the evening, so that their third 
hour answered to our nine in 
the morning ; and their ninth 
hour to our three in the after- 
noon. The night was first 
divided into three parts called 
waiches. In the time of Christ 
it was divided into four 
watches. The division of time 
into weeks, was _ regulated 
first by the Jewish sabbath ; 
afterwards by the Lord’s day. 
The months were lunar 
months, one revolution of the 
moon. 


100 


WRITING.—ADOPTION. 


2 


And it came to pass that 
when Moses had made an end 
of writing all the words of this 
law in a book, &c. al 

Deut. 31: 24. 

Hilkiah the priest, found a 
book of the law of the Lord. 
given by Moses, &c. 

a 2 Chron. 34: 14. 


And there was found at 


Achmetha, in the palace, that” 


isin the province of the Medes 
a roll, and therein was a re- 
cord thus written, &c. 

Ezra 6; 2. 


‘The paper reeds by the 
brooks, by the mouth of the 
brooks, and every thing sown 
by the brooks, &c. Isa. 19: 7. 

Having many things to 
write unto you, I would not 
write with paper and ink; &c. 
2 John 12. 


Rolls of linen and skins of 
aniinals were used to write 
upon, before there was any 
knowledge of inaking parch- 
ment. Dr. Buchanan found 
in India an old copy of the law 
written upon a roll of leather 
fifteen feet long. The writ- 
ing was all in capital letters, 
and not divided into words. 


Another substance made use 
of for writing, was a kind of 
paper made from the thin skin 
which covered a sort of bul- 
rush that grows in Keypt, and 
is called papyrus. 


ADOPTION. 


For ye have not received 
the spirit of bondage again to 
fear; but ye have received 
the spirit of adoption, where- 
by we cry abba, Father. The 
spirit itself beareth witness 
that we are the children of 
God; and if children, then 
heirs ; heirs of God, and joint 
heirs with Christ, &c: 

Rom. 8: 14-16. 

When the fulness of time 
was come, God sent forth his 
son, that we might receive the 
adoption of sons. Gal. 4: 4, 5. 


It was common among the 
ancients for persons to adopt 
children, when they had none 
of their own, or when there 
was any peculiar inducement. 
Moses was thus adopted by 
Pharaoh’s daughter ; and Es- 
ther was adopted by her un- 
cle Mordecai. Children thus 
adopted, were considered in 
all respects as real children 
of those, who adopted them. 


' HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 101 


CuHap. 2lst. 


HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 


Christ’s divinity. John 1: 1—14. 

John Baptist’s birth, and Christ’s foretold. Luke 1: 5—80. 

Mary in danger of being put away. Matt. 1: 18. 

Christ’s birth. Luke 2; 1—20. 

Christ’s pedigree both by Joseph and Mary. Matt. 1: 1—17.- 
Luke 3: 28. 

Christ’s circumcision. Luke 2: 217 | 

The wise men from the east seek Christ. Matt. 2. 

Christ hears and questions the doctors. Luke 2: 41. 

Ministry of John. Matt.3: 1—12. Mark 1: 1—8. inked: 
1—16. John 1: 6—8. 

Christ baptised. Matt. 3: 18—17. Mark 1: 9—11. Luke 3: 
21—23. John 1: 15, 16. 

Christ tempted. Matt. 4: 1—11. Mark 1: 12, 18. Luke 4; 1—13. 

John’s testimony to Christ. John 1: 19. 

Christ’s first miracle. John 2. 

Christ’s discourse with Nichodemus. John 38. 

John imprisoned. Matt. 14: 8—5. Mark 6: 17—20. Luke 
3: 17—20. 

Christ converts many Samaritans. Matt. 4: 12. John4.  - 

Christ preaches in Galilee. Matt. 4: 17. Mark 1; 14, 15. 
Luke 4: 14, 15. 

Christ preaches at Nazereth. Luke 4: 16—20, 

Christ at Capernaum. Matt. 4: 13—16; 8; 2—17. Mark 1: 
21—45. Luke 4: 31—44; 5: 12—16. 

Christ heals a man sick of the palsy. Matt.9: 2-8. Mark 
1: 1---12.. Luke 5: 17—26. 

Christ calls Peter, &c. Matt. 4: 18—22. Mark 1: 16—20. 
Luke 5: 1—10. 

Christ calls Matthew and dines with him. Matt. 9; 9—17. 
Mark 2: 18—22. Luke 5: 17—837. 

Christ asserts his own Godhead. John 5. 

The disciples pluck the ears of corn. Matt.12: 1—8. Mark 
2: 238—28. Luke 6: 1—5. | 

Christ heals many. Matt. 12: 9—16. Mark 3; 1—12. Luke 
6: 6—11. 

Christ chooses and ordains his apostles. Mark 3: 13— 
Luke 6; 12—19. 


102 HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 


Christ’s sermon on the mount. Matt. 5: 6,'7. Luke 6: 20—49. 

The Centurion’s servant healed. Matt. 8: 1—13. Luke 6: 1—10. 

A widow’s son raised. Luke 7: 11—17.. 

John’s message to Christ. Matt. 11: 219, Luke 7: 18—35. 

Chorazin and Bethsaida upbraided. Matt. 11: 20. 

A woman annoints Christ. Luke 7: 36. 8: 1. 

Of blasphemy against: the Holy Ghost, Matt. 12: 22—45, 
Mark 3: 22—30. Luke 11; 14—26, 29—82. ‘ 

Christ’s. mother and brethren seek him. . Matt. 12; 46—80, 
Mark 3: 31—35, Luke 8: 19, 21. 

Parable of the sower. Matt. 13: 1—53, Mark 4: 1—384, 

‘Luke 8: 4—18, 13: 18—21. ¢ 

A scribe wishes to follow Christ. Matt. 8: 18—22, Mark 4, 
85. 

The disciples ina sermon. Matt. 8:23—27, Mark 4: 36—41, 

Luke 7: 22—25. 

Christ heals the possessed. Matt. 8: 28—34, Mark 5: 1—20, 

* ‘Luke 7: 26-39. e 

Jairus’ daughter raised. . Matt. 9: 1—26, Mark 5: 21—43, 
Luke 7; 40—56. ¢ 

Two blind men cured. Matt. 9; 27—34.  - 

Christ teacheth at Nazareth. Matt. 13:54, 58, Mark 6: 1—6. 

Christ journeys again into Galilee. Matt. 9: 35. 

The Apostles sent out. Matt.10: 11,1, Mark 6: 7—18, Luke, 
9: 1—6. 

John beheaded. Matt. 14: 6—12, Mark 6: 21—29. 

Herod’s opinion of Christ. Matt. 14:1, 2, Mark 6: 14—16, 

_ » Luke 9: 7—9. 

Five thousand fed. Matt. 14: 13—-21, Mark 6: 30—44, Luke 
9: 10—17, John 6; 1—13. 
Christ walks on thesea. Matt. 14: 22—36, Mark 6, 45—56, 

John 6; 14—21. 
Christ’s flesh must be eaten by faith. John 6: 
The Jews’ impious traditions. Matt. 15:1—20, Mark 7: 1, 22. 
The daughter of the Canaanitish woman _ healed. Matt. 15: 
21—28, Mark 7: 24—30. 
A-dumb man healed. Matt. 15: 29—31, Mark 7: 31. 
Four thousand fed. Matt. 15: 832—385, Mark 8: 1-10. 
The leaven of the Pharisees. Matt. 16, 1-12, Mark 8: 1—21, 
A blind manhealed. Mark 8: 22—26. 


a al 


HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 103 
LS ec 
Peter’s confession of Christ. Matt. 16: 183—28, Mark 8: 17, 
38, Luke 9; 18—27, John 6; 67---71, 
Christ’ s transfiguration, Matt. % 1—18, ee 9: 2—13, Luke 
9: 28—36. 
Christ cures a Lunatic child. APL 17: ‘14-23, Mark 9: 14 
—32, Luke 9: 37—45. 
Humility enjoined. Matt 18: 1—9, Mark 9; 35—15, Luke 9: 


The feast of Tabernacles. John 7:. 

Christ goes to Jerusalem. Luke 9: 51, John 7: 10. 
The seventy sent forth. Luke 10:. 

An adultress. John 8:. 

A blind man healed. John 9:. 

Christ the good Shepherd. John 10: 1---21. 

The efficiency of prayer. Luke 11: 


. Against hypocrisy, covetousness, &c. Luke 12:. 


Repentance urged. Luke 18; 1—17. 

The feast of dedication. Luke 18: 22, John 10: 22. 

The strait gate. Luke 18: 23. 

Dropsical man healed ; wedding feast. Luke 14:. 

Lost sheep, money and prodigal son. Luke 15:. 

Unjust steward, and rich voluptuary. Luke 16:. 

Various admonitions, ten lepers, &c. Luke 17:. 

Unjust judge, and pharisee and publican. 18; 1—14, 

Concerning divorce.’ Matt. 19: 1—12, Mark 10: 1—12. 

Infants brought to Christ. Matt. 19: 19—380. 20: 1—16, Mark 
10: 13—31, Luke 18: 15. 

Lazarus sick. John 10: 1—16. 

Christ foretels his passion. Matt. 20; 17—19, Mark 10: 832—34, 
Luke 18: 31. 

The dey ie of the sons of Zebedee, 20: 20—28, Mark 10: 

Blind man healed, Zacheus converted, parable,-&c. Matt. 
20: 29, Mark 10: 46, Luke 18: 15, 19: 1-27. 

Lazarus raised. John 11: 17. 

seer enous Christ. Matt. 26: 6, Mark 14; 3—9, John 12: 

Christ’s entrance into Jerusalem, Se. Matt. 21: 1—16, Mark 
11; 1—11, John 12; 12—19. 

Some Greeks have an interview with Christ. John 12: 20. 


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104 HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. , 


The barren fruit tree cursed. Matt. 21; my Mark 11: 12 
---26, Luke 21: 37---38. 

Christ’s authority questioned. Matt. 21: 9327, Mark 11 
27—33, Luke 19: :1—8: 

Parable of the two sons. Matt. 21: 28--82, Mark 12: 1. 


Of the vineyard let out. Matt. 21: 33—46, Mark 12: 1—12, 


. se Luke 20: 9---19. 
Of the. marriage feast. Matt. 22; 1—14. 
“Concerning paying tribute, scribes, Pharisees. Matt. 22: 15, 
—AG, Mark 12: 13—37, Luke 20: 20—42. 
Pharisees and Scribes accused and threatened. Mark 12: 38 
---40, Luke 20; 45—47. 
The widow and hertwo mites.—Mark 12: 41—44, Luke 21 
1—4., 
Christ fortells the destruction of Jerusalem. Matt. 24: 1, 51, 
Mark 13: 1---37, Luke 21: 5—86. 
Parable of the Virgins, and talents ; the last as Matt. 
RD. 


Christ washes his disciples feet. John 13. 
Preparation for the passover. Matt. 26: 1—19, Mark 14: 1 
---16, Luke 22; 1—18. 
Christ institutes the Lord’s passover. Matt. 26: 20-—30, 
Mark 14; 17—26, Luke 22: 19—23. 
Christ’s consolatory discourses to his disciples. John 14: 15, 
6. 


Christ's mediatory prayer. John 17, 

Christ’s warning to his disciples. Matt. 26: 381—35, Mark 
14: 27—31, Luke 22: 20—29, John 23: 1—2. 

Christ’s agony. Matt. 26; 36---46, Mark 14: 32---42, Luke 
22: 40—46. 

Christ’s apprehension. Matt. 26: 47—56, Mark 14: 43---52, 
Luke 22; 47—53, John 18: 3—11. 

Christ’s arraignment. Matt. 26: 57—68, Mark 14: 53---65, 
Luke 22; 54---65, John 18: 12---24. 

Peter’s denial. Matt. 26: 69---71, Mark 14: 66, Luke 22: 55, 
62, John 18; 17—27. 

- Christ bobeye the Sanhedrim, Pilate and Herod. Matt. 27: 1--- 
14, Mark 15; 1—5, Luke 22: 66—71, 23: 1—12, John 18: 
28---38. 

Christ condemned by Pilate. Matt. 27: 15.--30, Mark 15: 6--- 
19, Luke 23: 13---25, John 18: 39—46, 19: 1—16. 


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RECORD OF MIRACLES. 105 


Judas hangs himself in guilty despair. Matt. 27: 3, 10. 

Christ crucified. Matt. 27: 31, 05, Mark 15:20—41, Luke 
23: 26—49, John 19: 16, 37. 

Christ’s burial. Matt. 27: o7—61, Mark 15 :-42—47, Luke 99: 
50—56, John 14: 38—42. 

Christ’s resurrection. Matt. 28: 1—8, Mark 16: 19, Luke 24: . 
1—12, John 29: 1—12. 

Christ’s appearing to hisdisciples. Matt. 28: 9— D, Mark 16; 
10—14, Luke 29; 13—48, John 20: 11—20 

Christ appearing at the sea of Tiberias, and his discourse with 
Peter. John 21. 


Christ commissions his disciples and ascends to heaven, Matt. 


28: 16—20, Mark 16; 15—20, Luke 24; 46—53. ) 


Cuap. 22, 
A TABLE OF THE RECORDED MIRACLES OF 
CHRIST. 
Miracles. Place. Record. 
Water turned into wine Cana ~~ John 2: 111 
The Capernaum nobleman’s 
son cured Do. John 4; 46—54 
Surprising draught of fishes Sea of Gal. Luke 0; I—11 
* Demoniac cured Capernaum Mark 1: 22—98 
Peter’s mother in law healed Do. Mark 1; 30—31 
Leper healed Do. Mark 1: 40—45 
Centurion’s servant healed Do. Matt. 13: 5—13 
Widow’s son raised from the 
dead Nain Duke 7: E117 
Tempest calmed Sea of Gal. Matt. 8: 23, 27 


Demoniacs of Gadara cured Gadara Matt. 8: 28—34 
Man sick of the palsy cured Capernaum Matt. 9: 1—8 


Jairus’ daughter raised to life Do. Matt. 9; 18—26 
Sight restored to two blind 

men . Do. Matt. 9: 27—31 
Dumb demoniac cured Do. Matt. 9; 32, 33 


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106 RECORD OF MIRACLES. os 
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a i Miracles. Place. Record. 
Woman diseased with issue ie 
of blood healed Capernaum Luke 8: 43—48 
Diseased cripple at Bethesda 
cured Jerusalem John 5; 1—9 
_Man with a withered hand 
cured Judea Matt. 12: 10—13 
Demoniac cured Capernaum Matt. 12: 22—23 
Five thousand fed | Decapolis Matt.14: 15—21 


. Near Tyre Matt. 15; 23--27. 


cured se, be 
Man deaf and dumb cured ~~ Yecapolis Mark 7: 31—37% 


The ear of Malchus healed  Geths’m’ne Luke 22: 50—51 
Wondrous draught of fishes Sea of Gal. John 21; Let 


THE END. 


Four thousand fed , Do. Matt. 15: 32, 39 
Blind man restored to sight | Bethsaida Mark 8: 22-—26 
Boy possessed of a devil cured Tabor Matt. 17; 14—21 
Man born blind restored to sie Es 

sight Jerusalem John 9 deh 

Woman of eighteen years in- etek 

- firmity cured Galilee Luke 138: 11—17 _ 
Dropsical man cured Do. Luke 14: 1—6 
Ten lepers cleansed Samaria Luke 17: 11—19 
Lazarus raised from the grave . 

to life Bethany John 11 
Two blind men restored to 

sight Jericho Matt. 20: 30—34 
Fig tree blasted Olivet Matt. 21; 18—21 


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